UNIVERSIDAD SIMÓN BOLÍVAR ID-2125 INGLÉS PARA ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO II

1. UNIVERSIDAD SIMÓN BOLÍVAR ID-2125 INGLÉS PARA ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO II SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

2. Table of Contents • Introduction (Means Atributes of thecity) • SpatialOrganization • SpatialOrganization in theancientcity • SpatialOrganization in themoderncity Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

3. What does city means? A city is a relatively large and permanent urban settlement. Many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

4. Atributes of the City… • Exchange • Traffic • Density • Functional Specialization • Showmanship • Culture • Heterogeneity Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

5. Spatial Organization • Refers to the arrangement of physical and human objects on the Earth's surface. Points, lines, areas and volumes are the four geometric features with which spatial organization can be easily described. Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

6. Spatial Organization Consists of: • Cities Blocks • Plots • Roads • Location • Density • Land Use • Transportation • Equipment Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

7. SpatialOrganization in the modern city The modern city is a new conception of the city as a place to socialize and organizer of regional space. The states (actually Italy, Spain, England, Germany, etc.) that were shaping began to present a more organized pattern in urban areas, the cities began to divide in sectors generating sets of houses, a place for different land uses, just as the streets were regularized and widened. Roma Milan Venetia Caracas Madrid London Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

8. SpatialOrganization in the modern city Renaissance city The cities present plant geometric, orthogonal or radial. Develops a new type of walls starry responding to the need to defend the artillery at all points. The walls rise in border cities, this type of fortification is not permitted slum neighborhoods, unlike what happens in medieval cities. The streets should be an orthogonal grid with axes rotated so as not to coincide with the prevailing winds. Palmanova Roma Florence Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

9. SpatialOrganization in the modern city Colonial City Simultaneously to the European Renaissance will create new cities in Latin America under the Spanish and Portuguese dominions. The colonial city in Latin America often started as a fortress. The main square was the main open space of trading that sometimes becoming market. Around it were built public buildings, church and principal residences, these were landowners ‘houses, and, away from the square appeared lower income neighborhoods, where they also built churches and squares. Santo Domingo Mexico Buenos Aires Caracas Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

10. SpatialOrganization in the modern city Baroque City During the Baroque city tends to change radically. Develop urban surgeries: Street widening, creation of views, rooms, trees, walks, etc. The city reflects the greatness of the state and the monarchy, and, brought several landmark buildings to create spaces and views that stand out. The city begins to have a facade, but also have unique spaces and tight, creating light and shadow. The principles of organization of the Baroque city planning are: straight lines, prospects and uniformity. Should be noted that this type of organization first rehearsing in the garden and then moved to real buildings Madrid Paris Roma Versailles Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

11. SpatialOrganization in the modern city Industrial City The spatial organization of industrial city brought about the proliferation of overcrowded dwellings that housed the workers who came from the countryside to the city in search of employment. It was necessary to plan new conditions of accessibility and, above all, a new layout. The urban population is distributed arcs more or less extensive around town in a centrifugal movement, while big industrial areas were located in the vacant spaces, and the liberal bourgeoisie was at the side of the city Manchester Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

12. SpatialOrganization in the modern city Urban responses to the industrial city Extensions: Allows the formation of regular plots of various sizes, facing onto streets theoretically of equal importance. The street construction is defined by a linear, continuous and regular, well-defined as public space and multifunctional. The extensions are distinguished by its design center and orthogonal geometry. Barcelona París Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

13. Conclusion The city is always changing so, is important that each city is planned, based on their spatial organization, as it is the only way to take advantage of all resources offered by the city. Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

14. References • Spatial Organization of cities • http://html.rincondelvago.com/urbanismo_4.html • http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_las_ciudades • http://cronicascartograficas.wordpress.com/page/3/?archives-list=1 • http://www.eumed.net/libros/2007a/229/23.htm Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño

15. UNIVERSIDAD SIMÓN BOLÍVAR ID-2125 INGLÉS PARA ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO II Thanks Kelly Cabarcas Génesis de Abreu Laura Mariño