BELLWORK

1. BELLWORK Read “Peace at Last” pgs. 536-537 and answer the following questions: • Why did Russia withdrawal from WWI? • How did America’s entrance into WWI effect the Allied Powers? • What is a convoy? Were they successful? Why? • What is a total war? • List four things that led to the armistice in 1918. • THINKER: Why do you think Russians found communism appealing at the time?

2. Germany’s surrender, effects of war, and Treaty of Versailles The End of world war i

3. British blockade was starving Germany British began using tanks Allied convoy system shut down U-boat attacks Both sides fearful of revolutions in Europe Allied powers launch huge offensive on August 8, 1918 American troops continued to advance, not giving Germans time to regroup Central Powers Collapse OE falls States declare ind.from A-H Germany is surrounded Towards the End of War

7. Germany surrenders - November 11, 1918 Germany’s leader steps down and establishes a provisional government End of WWI

8. End of WWI

11. Austro-Hungarians execute Serbians

12. Ypres, Belgium

14. War is over…..now what? • In January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered in Paris to create the Treaty of Versailles. • Most decisions were led by the “Big Four,” but based off of President Wilson’s ideas

15. The Treaty of Versailles • For this Treaty of Versailles activity, you will take on the role of either the U.S., France, or Germany. • It is your task to create a list of postwar goals • You need at least five, and you should rank them from most-least important • Think from the perspective of your country!!! • Consider the following: • How might their concerns be different from other countries? • What is your country fearful of? • What is their view towards other countries? • How do they want the future of Europe to look? • May refer to pages 538-539 for help/ideas

16. Clubs: France • Diamonds: US • Hearts: Germany

17. Treaty of Versailles Discussion • Now – meet with your group! Try and negotiate an agreement centered around these goals. • Were there any common goals? Were compromises made? • Which country was most pleased with how the negotiations turned out? Most displeased?

18. Woodrow Wilson (US) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Great Britain) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) The Big Four

19. The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

20. Security Revenge Reparations Germany should pay for the damage caused by invasion! Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany could not invade France in the future. What did France Want?

21. Publically, Lloyd-George said he wanted to punish the Germans. The British public was very anti-German at the end of the war. Privately, he realized that Britain needed Germany to recover because she was an important trading partner. He was also worried about the “disease from the east…….”, communism. Lloyd-George believed that the spread of communism had to be stopped. A strong Germany would be a barrier against it. What did Britain Want?

22. Wilson wanted the treaty to be based on his 14 Points. He believed Germany should be punished, but not severely. He wanted a fair settlement that would not leave Germany feeling resentful The American public did not support him. They were fed up with involvement in European affairs. The USA became more isolationist. What did America want?

23. What were the terms under the Treaty of Versailles? • With Germany’s armed forces: • The German army was to be reduced to 100,000 men. • It was not allowed to have tanks. • Germany was not allowed to have an air force • The German navy was to have no submarines or large battle-ships • The area known as the Rhineland was to be de-militarized. • The Allies were to occupy the west bank of the Rhine for fifteen years.

24. 100,000 De-militarised The Military Clauses

26. Territorial Losses Germany lost ALL of her overseas colonies Alsace-Lorraine was given to France

27. Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium North-Schleswig was given to Denmark

28. Posen was given to Poland so that she would have access to the Baltic Sea. This area became known as the Polish Corridor. It meant that East Prussia was cut off from the rest of Germany.

29. The Rhineland was to be de-militarized

30. The Saar coalfields were given to France for fifteen years The port of Danzig was made a Free City under the control of the League of Nations

32. The War Guilt Clause "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, theresponsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." Article 231 GERMANY ACCEPTED RESPONSIBILITY FOR STARTING THE WAR

33. REPARATIONS Germany agreed to pay for the damage caused by her armies during the war. The sum she had to pay was later fixed at 132 billion marks (~$31.4 billion in 1920; ~ $385 billion in 2011)

34. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria

35. Make a prediction….. • How do you think German citizens responded to the Treaty? • Most Germans believed that the War Guilt Clause wasunjustified. The French and British had done just as much to start the war • The loss of territory and population angered most Germans who believed that the losses were too severe. • Many felt this would cripple the economy

36. What do YOU think? • Was the Treaty of Versailles fair?