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Fundamentals of Information Systems Security Chapter 9 Cryptography

Fundamentals of Information Systems Security Chapter 9 Cryptography. Learning Objective. Explain how businesses apply cryptography in maintaining information security. Key Concepts. History of cryptography Secret key and public key cryptography Encryption mechanisms and techniques

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Fundamentals of Information Systems Security Chapter 9 Cryptography

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  1. Fundamentals of Information Systems Security Chapter 9 Cryptography

  2. Learning Objective • Explain how businesses apply cryptography in maintaining information security.

  3. Key Concepts • History of cryptography • Secret key and public key cryptography • Encryption mechanisms and techniques • Business applications of cryptography • Impact of compliance laws on maintaining confidentiality of privacy data

  4. DISCOVER: CONCEPTS

  5. Cryptography History • People have used cryptography to protect information for at least 4,000 years. • Early information security was as simple as hiding it. This is known as steganography. • Steganography is not the same as cryptography.

  6. Cryptography History Examples • Histiaeus sent a message tattooed on the scalp of his slave. • Cryptography altered thecourse of English history. • World War I • World War II

  7. Current-Day Cryptography

  8. Cryptography in Business • Increasing concern about the security of data • More sophisticated attacks • Tremendous growthof computer-relatedfraud and data theft • Data protection as a business priority

  9. Cryptography in Business (Continued)

  10. Applications and Uses • Cryptography uses can be found in categories, such as: • Anti-malware • Compliance or auditing • Forensics • Transaction security • Wireless security

  11. DISCOVER: PROCESS

  12. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) • Ad-hoc secure communications are basis of Internet e-commerce. • One of the most frequently used forms of cryptography today. • With an asymmetric key, ad-hoc communications are straightforward. • SSL is one of the most commonly used cryptographic protocols for managing secure communication between a client and server over the Web.

  13. SSL Encryption • It is also known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) encryption. • It is shown in the address bar of Web browsers as https://. • A lock icon is also displayed. • SSL handshake creates first secure session between a client and server.

  14. SSL Handshake Process • Server authentication • Server sends its certificate. • Encrypted master key is then sent to the server. • Optional client authentication • Server sends a challenge to the client.

  15. SSL Handshake Process (Continued)

  16. DISCOVER: ROLES

  17. Symmetric Key Standards

  18. Symmetric Key Standards (Continued)

  19. Symmetric Key Principles • The same key encrypts and decrypts. • Symmetric algorithms can be fast and are well suited to encrypting lots of data. • They are often used once and then discarded.

  20. Asymmetric Key Standards

  21. Asymmetric Key Principles

  22. Business Implementations • Classifications of products and services: • Authentication/access control/authorization • Security management products • Perimeter/network security/availability • Encryption • Administration/education/outsource services/consultants

  23. Business Implications: Q&A Considering the information security objectives, which business tools and services satisfy which security objectives? Which of these can be addressed with cryptography?

  24. DISCOVER: RATIONALE

  25. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Terms

  26. PKI Components • Certification authority(CA) • Registration authority(RA) • Certificates and policies

  27. PKI Components (Continued) • Certificate practicestatement (CPS) • Revocation • Trust mode

  28. Summary • People have used cryptography to protect information for at least 4,000 years. • Businesses apply cryptography in maintaining information security. • SSL is one of the most frequently used forms of cryptography today.

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