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Topics for Today

Topics for Today. What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline…. Readings for Today. 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles. Topics for Wednesday. Burning a gallon of gasoline. Where does my gasoline come from?. Readings for Wednesday.

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Topics for Today

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  1. Topics for Today What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline…

  2. Readings for Today • 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass • 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles

  3. Topics for Wednesday • Burning a gallon of gasoline. • Where does my gasoline come from?

  4. Readings for Wednesday • 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass • 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles

  5. Topics for Friday • Exam #2

  6. Topics for Monday • Greenhouse Earth!

  7. Topics for Today What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline…

  8. What is in my gasoline?

  9. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines.

  10. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “volatile?”

  11. N2 + O2 2NO NO + O2 + .OH + VOCs NO2+ VOCs high temp Easily goes into the vapor phase VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds Contains C

  12. Some VOCs Methane (1 carbon) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Octane (8 carbons)

  13. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “volatile?” Vapor Liquid A barrel

  14. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is a “mixture?”

  15. Is gasoline heterogeneous or homogenous? Matter Elements Pure Substances Mixtures Compounds Heterogeneous Homogeneous

  16. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is “flammable?”

  17. Complete combustion of methane CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Undergoes combustion!

  18. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. What is a “hydrocarbon?”

  19. H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H-C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C -C-H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Paraffin is a hydrocarbon

  20. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. A molecule that contains ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms. What is a “hydrocarbon?”

  21. Some hydrocarbons Methane Ethane Propane Butane Octane

  22. Some hydrocarbons Methane Ethane Propane Butane Octane

  23. Gasoline A volatilemixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a mixture (homogeneous) of over 300 different compounds!!

  24. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  25. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  26. n-alkanes in gasoline n-pentane (5 carbons) n-hexane (6 carbons) n-heptane (7 carbons) n-octane (8 carbons) etc… The n stands for “normal,” or straight chain.

  27. n-butane H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  28. n-butane OR H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  29. Condensedstructural formula! CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-butane, C4H10

  30. n-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  31. n-pentane Be able to draw and name these structures from methane to octane! H H H H H H C C C H C C H H H H H n-pentane, C5H12

  32. What’s in my gasoline? n-alkanes (straight chain) Aromatics 15-25% iso-alkanes (branched) 20-30% 15-25% <1% 20-30% Alkenes and Alkynes Cycloalkanes

  33. Compare CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-butane, C4H10

  34. Compare H H H H H C C H C C H H H H n-butane, C4H10

  35. isobutane Structural Formula H H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  36. Condensedstructural formula! CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 isobutane, C4H10

  37. n-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  38. iso-butane Figure 10.3 page 436

  39. n-butane and isobutane are isomers! Isomer = Same chemical formula but different chemical structure!!!

  40. isobutane Also known as H H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  41. isobutane Also known as H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C H H H isobutane, C4H10

  42. isobutane Also known as H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C 1 2 3 H H H isobutane, C4H10

  43. isobutane Also known as methyl, .CH3 H 2-methylpropane H H C H H H C C H C 1 2 3 H H H isobutane, C4H10

  44. Some VOCs Methane (1 carbon) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Octane ( 8 carbons)

  45. Methyl (1 carbon) .CH3 Ethyl (2 carbons) Propyl (3 carbons)

  46. n-octane Not too much of this in gasoline… CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Chemical formula? C8H18

  47. isooctane Isomers!! CH3 CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3 Chemical formula? C8H18

  48. 2-methylpentane CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Chemical formula?

  49. 2-methylpentane CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Chemical formula? C6H14

  50. 2-methylpentane Same or different? CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 =? CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3

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