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Worlds of Islam

Source. Worlds of Islam. Europe 1000. European Christian Kingdom. Under Muslim Rule – 1492 treaty Granada. Byzantine Empire. What did Arabs believe before Muhammad?. Byzantine. Mix – Christianity, Judaism Zoroastrianism . Persia.

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Worlds of Islam

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  1. Source Worlds of Islam

  2. Europe 1000 European Christian Kingdom Under Muslim Rule – 1492 treaty Granada Byzantine Empire

  3. What did Arabs believe before Muhammad? Byzantine Mix – Christianity, Judaism Zoroastrianism Persia Small Arab Kingdoms – benefit from location near trade routes, Quraysh Source Kaaba – houses 360 different deities Bedouins – nomadic, ancestor veneration, nature spirits, polytheistic Mecca in Saudi Arabia Source

  4. Symbol of Islam • The crescent moon and star is an internationally-recognized symbol of the faith of Islam. • The crescent moon and star symbol actually pre-dates Islam by several thousand years. • most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbolswere in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship of sun, moon, and sky gods.

  5. Birth of Islam From: the root “s-l-m” “Peace” (Salam) and “Submission” (salaama) “Submission to God” • a trader of Mecca • became a religious, political, and military leader. • Muslims view him not as the founder of a new religion, but rather as the preacher of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and others. • In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last and the greatest in a series of prophets—as the man closest to perfection, the possessor of all virtues. • In 610, at age 40, Muhammad started receiving revelations from God. The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his companions. Life of Muhammad– 570-632 Source 570– Most Arabs believe Allah is the top god 610 –Muhammad’s first revelation Yathrib hijra 622 –Muhammad goes to Medina 630 – Mecca Surrenders 632 – Muhammad dies

  6. Holy Cities • Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem • Muhammad was born in Mecca and home of the Kaaba • Muhammad started Islam in Medina (and died there) • Muhammad “rose” to heaven from Jerusalem

  7. The Kaaba, in Mecca Saudi Arabia, is the center of Islam. Muslims from all over the world gather there to pray in unity. • The Al-Aksa Mosque in Jerusalem • Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) in Medina, Saudi Arabia, is the site of Muhammad's tomb.

  8. the Qur’an? • The Islamic Holy book. • Muslims believe it is the direct word of Allah (God). • The word of God was revealed to the prophet Mohammed through the angel Jibril (Gabriel).

  9. What are the Basic Belief of Islam? • Monotheism • Prophets • Angels • Revelation • Resurrection • Judgment • Predetermination • Five Pillars

  10. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? • Read .pdf handout “ISLAM” in classworks for more info • What did your book say about a SIXTH Pillar and what is it? • jihad

  11. Pillars of Islam

  12. Question 1. How are Islam, Judaism, and Christianity connected or related or similar? And, yet, how are they separate or different?

  13. Consolidation Why was Islam so successful at its beginning? Independence from Judaism Muhammad Centralized power to Muhammad Marriage alliances Religious appeal Military skill of leader supertribe Material wealth promises umma Decrease in conflict Traders use of tents

  14. Arabia and Surrounding Areas Before and During the Time of Muhammad

  15. Arab Expansion Source Reason for expansion seeking control of trade routes and arable land Jihad Role of conversion Universal religion Encourages continued unification Source

  16. Why were the Arabs so successful? Byzantine and Persian weakness Source Battle of Talas River stops Chinese western expansion Battle of Talas River Source

  17. Conversion 750-900 - 80% in Persia convert but keep local language Source

  18. Islam after Muhammad:1 Who should be the political leader of umma? Film and questions Theological conflict? Ulama Muslim legal scholars 1st caliph Abu Bakr 16th century C.E. Source First 4 Caliphs 632 -661 Sunni 656 civil war Shia Imams religious leader… religious authority beyond caliph Source

  19. Who are Shia and Sunni? What are the differences between them and the cause of the split? • Sunni Muslims: approximately 90% • Someone Elected – most worthy • Shia Muslim: approximately 10% • Family line of Rulers

  20. Islam after Muhammad: 2 Caliphs become absolute monarchs Growing tensions Capital: Damascus Source Leaders become hereditary Rise of aristocracy Umayyad 661-750 Source Abd-ar-Rahman III Caliph of Cordoba prince of the Ummayad

  21. Islam after Muhammad: 3 No longer under the authority of a single caliph “Golden Age” By 900 weakening allows regional dynasties 5. Which one of the many Arab advances described on p.325-327 stand out, surprise, or make an impression on you? Identify it, explain why you chose it or why it stood out to you, and how is it connected to another part of the world/continent (i.e. East Asia, Africa, or Europe)? Capital: Baghdad Sultanates Hadith collections Abbasid 750- 1258 Mongols come in 1258 Source

  22. Sufi • Mystic Islam: the Sufi sect of Islam. Pictured are the Whirling Dervishes.

  23. What is Sikhism? • Short video

  24. Expansion of Islam 7th & 8th centuries Complete the map activity in classworks

  25. 6. What distinguished the first centuries of Islamic history from the early history of Christianity and Buddhism? What similarities and differences characterized their religious outlooks?

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