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Purpose of the Digestive System

Purpose of the Digestive System. - the break down of food into nutrients digestion : process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed and moved into the blood the blood transports the nutrients to all parts of the body so it can be used

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Purpose of the Digestive System

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  1. Purpose of the Digestive System • - the break down of food into nutrients • digestion: process that breaks down food into small • molecules so that they can • be absorbed and • moved into the blood • the blood transports the nutrients to • all parts of the body so it can be used • to make energy • unused molecules pass out of your • body as wastes

  2. Types of Digestion mechanical digestion: the breaking, crushing and mashing of food - starts in the mouth when food is chewed - continues in the stomach when food is mixed and churned chemical digestion: large molecules are broken down into nutrients using chemicals called enzymes - starts in the mouth with saliva mixing with food - continues in the stomach with acids - finishes in the small intestine

  3. Digestive Tract - mouth: teeth chew (mechanical digestion) and the tongue pushes food around - saliva breaks down food (chemical digestion) - esophagus: muscular organ uses peristalsis: wavelike movement tosqueezefood to stomach - stomach: muscular baglike organ that continues mechanical and chemical digestion - creates a soupy mixture called chyme - small intestine: chemical digestion is finished here; food has been broken down into nutrients, which are absorbed into the blood large intestine: main job is to absorb water from undigested food mass - undigested materials become solid waste (feces), which is stored in the rectum and is expelled through the anus

  4. Additional Digestive Organs liver: makes a green liquid called bile, which is used to digest fat gallbladder: stores bile produced by the liver pancreas: makes materials that neutralize the acid in chyme and further chemically breakdown proteins Liver

  5. Digestive Diseases Heartburn: results from backflow of chyme from the stomachinto the esophagus, which causes a burning sensation in the chest or throat Gastric Ulcer: an open sore on the stomach lining caused by bacteria Colon Cancer: affects part of the large intestine and is caused by cells dividing uncontrollably to form a tumor Constipation: body does not get enough fiber, water or exercise so the feces become dry, which makes it hard to get rid of the solid waste Diarrhea: indigestible food moves too quickly through the large intestine, so water is not removed and solid waste becomes a liquid

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