Trends in Crime, Policing and Crime Prevention

1. Trends in Crime, Policing and Crime Prevention Presented by American Crime Prevention Institute

2. Trends in Crime, Policing & Crime Prevention • Population • Since 9/11 • Crime • Policing • Crime Prevention

3. Trend • A prevailing tendency or direction • A reflection upon the immediate past, the current environment and the near (2-4 years) future.

4. Population Trends • The population in the United States and the world is aging. • Approximately 10% of the world’s population is now over 60. This will double by 2050. • There has been a 23% increase in the 65 and older population in the U.S. in the last 10 years. • Demographics – “Baby Boomers” • Health Care

5. The two “oldest” countries are Japan and Italy – with a quarter of their population currently over 60. • Many industrial countries are losing their populations due to declining birth rates. • To maintain population, the birthrate per woman needs to be 2.1 (1.7 in Britain, 1.3 in Italy, 1.2 in Spain)

6. The U.S. population is growing • Increasing birth rates (2.13 in 2001 vs 1.75 in 1976) • Decline in teen birth rate • Immigration • Affluent society • By 2005, whites will be less than 50% of the U.S. population.

7. September 11, 2001….What Has Changed: • Enhanced image of firefighters police and military • Local Law Enforcement Agencies • Bolstering security for community places and infrastructure • Losing officers who serve in the National Guard and military reserve. • Budget problems or difficulties

8. Heightened concern about biological and chemical terrorism – requires police response – “anthrax scare” • Emergency response training • Emphasis upon community policing may lessen • Increased issues associated with civil liberties • Homeland security issues

9. Federal Agencies • FBI’s role in anti-terrorism • FBI to back out of local crime issues • Cooperation between federal agencies • High tech weapons and security systems • Other?

10. Crime Trends • Reduction in Crime Rates – 10 Consecutive Years • Strong Employment – Until recent economic downturn, very low levels of unemployment – crime rates have relationship to unemployment levels – some recently lost U.S. jobs will be lost forever – manufacturing moving to other countries – increase productivity • Decrease in Number of Young People (18-24) • Increased Prison Population • 1900 - 57,070 adults in US local, state and federal jails and prisons. 122 inmates for every 100,000 Americans • 2000 - 1,982,084 adults in US prisons and jails. 725 inmates for every 100,000 Americans • “Clinton Cops”- more police officers

11. Federal prison population increasing while state prison population decreasing • Some state easing stringent laws on prison time • California referendum mandating drug treatment instead of incarceration for 1st & 2nd time offenders • States spend $30 billion a year to operate their prisons • Executions decreasing – reduction in crime – doubts about reliability of verdicts.

12. Decrease in Drug Wars- less violence • Increase Abortions = Fewer Unwanted, Economically Deprived Children • Community Policing • “Broken Windows Theory” - increased emphasis on quality of life crimes and commander accountability • Juvenile Justice - treat as adults

13. Society has created new crime titles or categories - often media creations… • Workplace Violence - “Going Postal” • Car Jacking • Binge Drinking • Acquaintance/Date Rape • Designer Drugs • Hate Crimes

14. Road Rage • “Airline Rage” • “Parking Lot Rage” • “Sports Activity Rage” • “Grocery Store Rage”

15. More High-Tech - Computer-Related Crimes • Business-Related Espionage • Cramming -fraudulent telephone charges • Hacking • Fraud and Embezzlement • Internet-Related Crime • Child Pornography • Cyberstalking • Internet Fraud (Online Auctions) • Identity Theft

16. Increase in Theft of Laptop Computers • More Cargo Theft • Concern About Crime in Schools

17. Marijuana Use –Replace Crack as Drug of Choice for 18-20 Year Olds • Use of Oxycontin – “Hillbilly Heroin” • Drug Facilitated Sexual Assaults - GHB and Rohypnol • Use of Designer Drugs - Ecstasy

18. Road Rage and Aggressive Driving • Increase in Bank Robberies – Rural Environment • Auto Theft - Near International Borders • Bicycle Theft - High Value • Elder Abuse - Crimes Against Senior Citizens • Identity Theft • Acquaintance/Date Rape - Increased Reporting • Domestic Violence - Increased Reporting

19. Problems with the Indigent, Transient and Homeless Population • Problems with Persons with Developmental Disabilities • Church Crimes • ATM-Related Crimes • Constructions Site Crime Prevention

20. Policing Trends • Community Policing – Losing Emphasis in Some Environments • Problem-Solving Policing • Increased Emphasis Upon Crime Prevention – Counterterrorism – Budget Cutbacks May Hurt • “Broken Windows” Theory - Emphasis Upon “Quality of Life” Offenses • Focused Crime Analysis Strategies - Crime Mapping • Difficulty in Recruiting

21. Development of High Tech Crime Units • Multi-Jurisdictional Task Force • High Speed Computer-Based Information Access • Concerns About Use of Force • Other(?)

22. Crime Prevention Trends • May lose support: Chief Gil Kerlikowske of the Seattle Police Department said: “Historically, every budget cut for the last 25 years has almost always started with crime prevention, because it’s difficult for anyone to evaluate the crime reduction impact of those programs.” • Use of Internet in Crime Prevention

23. Use of Volunteers • Citizen Police Academies • CPTED Community Ordinances • Youth-directed Crime Prevention Programs • Senior Citizen-directed Crime Prevention Programs

24. Use of Public-Access Cable Television • Local Alarm Ordinances • Automated Phone Calling Systems • Crime-Free Multi-Housing • Identity Theft Programs

25. Church Crime Prevention Programs • Construction Site Crime Prevention • ATM Safety and Security • Convenience Store Security • Other?

26. THANK YOU The American Crime Prevention Institute is a division of the AEGIS Protection Group, Inc.