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Orbital Diagrams

Orbital Diagrams. What is an orbital diagram?. An orbital diagram is a representation of an atom where arrows in boxes are used to show the electron configuration of the atom. s =  p =  d =  f = . 3 Principles.

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Orbital Diagrams

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  1. Orbital Diagrams

  2. What is an orbital diagram? • An orbital diagram is a representation of an atom where arrows in boxes are used to show the electron configuration of the atom. s =  p =  d =  f = 

  3. 3 Principles • The location of the electrons in an atom can be predicted by using and applying three important principles: • the Aufbau principle, • the Pauli exclusion principle • Hund’srule.

  4. Aufbau Principle • The Aufbau Principle states that electrons are added one at a time to the lowest energy orbital available until all the electrons of the atom have been accounted for.

  5. Pauli Exclusion Principle • The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that an orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. To occupy the same orbital, 2 electrons must spin in opposite directions. Each electron is represented by an arrow. The arrow points upward when the electron spin () is counterclockwise and downward when the electron spin is clockwise.

  6. Hund’s Rule • The Hund’sRule states that electrons occupy equal-energy orbitals so that a maximum number of unpaired electrons results.

  7. SAMPLE PROBLEMS: Element Total electrons EC OD Be

  8. Element Total electrons EC OD C

  9. Element Total electrons EC OD F

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