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Chapter 1- matter and change

Chapter 1- matter and change. Bravo – 15,000 kilotons. Introduction. Do Not Need in your Notebook.

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Chapter 1- matter and change

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  1. Chapter 1- matter and change Bravo – 15,000 kilotons

  2. Introduction Do Not Need in your Notebook • “It has been said that Chemistry is what connects us to the world. Everything we see, taste, and touch is matter. Matter is what makes the world a real place. Chemistry is the study of matter: its properties, composition, and how some types of matter interact with other types of matter in new and interesting combinations. • Chemistry is heavily involved in many interesting and fascinating jobs, from making perfumes to investigating crime scenes, from preparing great tasting and safe foods to developing life-saving drugs.”

  3. Section 1-1 • Chemistry a physical science, is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. • Chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. Example water is always H2O. Everything is made of chemicals. • Branches of chemistry. Chemistry is divided into six main areas of study.

  4. 6 Branches of Chem • Organic Chemistry- The study of most carbon containing compounds. Example C6H12O6 Glucose • Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all substances not classified as organic; compounds that do not contain carbon. Example H2O Water. High school chemistry is mostly inorganic chemistry. • Physical Chemistry (P-Chem)- the study of the properties, changes, and relationship between energy and matter.

  5. Analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and composition of materials. • Biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things. Example Photosynthesis • Theoretical Chemistry- the use of mathematics and computers to design and predict the properties of new compounds.

  6. Types of Research • Basic Research-how and why • Applied Research- solve a specific problem. Example the depletion of the ozone layer. • TechnologicalDevelopment-involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to solve problems. Examples Computers and biodegradable materials.

  7. Section 1-2 • Mass is the measure of the amount of matter. • Matter is anything that has mass and volume (occupies) space. Examples air, smoke, water vapor. • Atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. • Element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. Periodic Table.

  8. Compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. • Physical properties can be observed or measured without altering the identity of a material. Example melting ice to find the melting point. • Extensive Physical Properties- depend on the amount of matter present and include mass, length, and volume. • Intensive Physical Properties- do NOT depend of the amount of matter. Examples melting point, boiling point, Density, ductility, malleability, color, crystal shape

  9. Physical change is any change that does NOT result in a change in identity. Examples cutting wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding. • Changes in state is a physical change. Example melting, boiling, freezing. • Chemical Properties relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that alters it identity. Example a chemicals reactivity.

  10. Chemical change or reaction (Rxn) when a substance is converted into different substance. Examples milk souring, leaves changing color in the fall. • Basic Chemical Formula • A + BC • A and B are called Reactants •  is read as “yields” • C is the product (s)

  11. 4 states of matter • Solids have definite shape and volume. Particles are packed closely together. • Liquids have definite volume but, no shape • Gases have neither a definite volume nor definite shape. • Plasma is a gaseous system of charges particles. Found on the sun.

  12. Weight vs. Mass • Weight is the pull of gravity on an object. • Mass is the quantity of matter. • Astronauts in space.

  13. Law of conservation of mass states that matter can NOT be either created or destroyed by ordinary chemical or physical changes. Examples burning wood, nuclear reactions • Law of conservation of energy states that E can NOT be either created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another. Examples Kinetic & potential energy.

  14. Classification of Matter • Mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties and can be separated physically. • 2 types of mixtures • Homogeneous (solutions) have uniform composition throughout. Examples air, sugar in water, stainless steel. • Heterogeneous not uniform. Examples granite, wood, blood.

  15. Do Not Need in your Notebook

  16. A pure substance has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture by all pure substance have exactly the same physical and chemical properties and every sample of given pure substance has exactly the same composition. • Pure substances can be classified as either compounds or elements.

  17. Pure substances • Compound is a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Examples water, sodium chloride, sucrose. Can not be separated physically. • Element made of one pure substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical changes. Examples gold, silver, hydrogen.

  18. Section 1-3 • Periodic table of elements is divided into small squares that have one element in each square. • Elements have been named from their Latin meaning, places, famous scientist and from mythology.

  19. Non-metals N O B L E F A M I L y Metals Lf of step • Family or groups- vertical columns (18) • Period- horizontal rows (7) • Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous, conduct heat and electricity, high tensile strength • Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor • Metalloids- have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals. Are semiconductors • Nobel gases- family #18 unreactive gases as room temp. WHY??? Period

  20. Work Cited • July 25, 2006. “Pigs in Space”. JPG. http://www.porphyrios.it/index.php?m=20050718 • July 25, 2006. “Chemistry”. http://www.aprenda.info/Chemistry.asp • July 27, 2006. “Periodic Table illustration”. http://www.physast.uga.edu/classes/phys1010/heil/announcement%20files/equations/unit_4_eqs/periodic_table_illustr.png • Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Modern Chemistry. Harcourt Brace & Company. 1999. • Title slide “Bomb picture”. July 25, 2006. http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/Powerpoint/Unit1/Unit1_files/frame.htm

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