Utah Flora BOT2100

1. Utah Flora BOT2100 Gymnosperms Cupressaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Fleshy cones • B. scale-like leaves

2. Utah Flora BOT2100 Gymnosperms Pinaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • needle-like leaves in groups of 1 to 5 • woody cones with large bracts

3. Utah Flora BOT2100 Gymnosperms Ephedraceae • Distinguishing Characters: • shrubs, exclusively • Opposite or whorled, scale-like leaves • Leaves are deciduous • Scale-like cone bracts, not woody

4. Utah Flora BOT2100 Monocots Liliaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • carpels, petals, sepals in 3’s, fruit a capsule • Tepals not petals or sepals • Often the tepals are petaloid (colored) • Leaves basal, alternate (sometimes whorled) • Parallel leaf veins • One seed leaf (cotyledon)

5. Utah Flora BOT2100 Monocots Poaceae Graminae • Distinguishing Characters: • Parallel leaf veins • One seed leaf (cotyledon) • Flowers in spikelets, arranged in spikes or panicles • Sepaloid bracts called glumes (2) in a floret • Ovary enclosed by bracts called lemma & palea • Caryopsis – dry fruit of 2 locules that is fused entirely to the embryo

6. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Ranunculaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Irregular and regular flowers; petals free, sometimes absent (sometimes spurred) • When absent, sepals petaloid (often spurred) • petals 5, sepals 5, many stamens • fruit achenes or follicles (a fruit made from 1 carpel and dehiscent along 1 line) • Leaves alternate (rarely opposite); simple to pinnately or palmately compound; margins entire to lobed

7. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Boraginaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Regular flowers, petals fused • Petals, 5 lobed, sepals 5, stamens 5 • fruit of 4, 1 seeded nutlets (dry, hard, indehiscent) • Leaves alternate, often basal, simple, • margins entire to pinnately lobed

8. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Hydrophyllaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Regular flowers, petals fused • Petals 5 lobed, 5 sepals, 5 stamens • fruit a capsule • leaves mostly alternate, some basal, simple to pinnately compound, margins entire to pinnately lobed

9. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Lamiaceae Labiatae • Distinguishing Characters: • Irregular flowers, fused petals • Petals 5 lobed (2-lipped or bilabiate), 5 sepals • 2-4 stamens • fruit of 4, 1 seeded nutlets • Square stems (mostly); • leaves opposite, somtimes whorled, simple to pinnately or palmately compound, margins entire, lobed or toothed

10. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Scrophulariaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Irregular flowers, petals fused • Petals 5 lobed (2-lipped or bilabiate), 5 sepals • 4-5 stames, when 5 stamens, • one is infertile (staminode) • fruit a capsule • Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, margins entire to • pinnately lobed

11. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Brassicaceae Cruciferae • Distinguishing Characters: • Regular flowers, petals separate • 4 petals (cruciform, cross-shaped), 4 sepals • 4-6 stamens • Silique- pod that is many times longer than wide • Silicle- pod that is nearly as long and wide (roundish) • -pod made from 2 carpels, always superior, divided into two partitions by a replum (thin papery divider) • D. Leaves alternate or basal, simple to pinnately compound, margins entire to lobed

12. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Polemoniaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • Regular flowers, petals fused • Petals 5 lobed, 5 sepals, 5 stamens • Fruit a capsule • Leaves alternate, simple to pinnately compound, sometimes palmately compound, margins entire to lobed

13. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Fabaceae Leguminosae • Distinguishing Characters: • Irregular, petals separate an fused • 5 petals, 3 petals are free (Banner and 2 wings) • 2 petals are fused (keel), 5 sepals • 5 or 10, when 10, they can have fused or separate filaments • C. Fruit a legume • pod made of 2 carpels that dehisces along 2 lines • (no replum) • D. Leaves alternate, mostly pinnately or palmately compound, margins often entire

14. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Onagraceae • Distinguishing Characters: • regular, petals separate • 4 petals, 4 sepals, 4 or 8 stamens • fruit a capsule, ovary inferior • Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled and basal, simple, margins entire to pinnately lobed

15. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Apiaceae Umbelliferae • Distinguishing Characters: • regular, petals free • flowers in compound umbels • B. 5 petals, 5 sepals, 5 stamens (often exserted) • fruit a schizocarp (dry indehiscent fruit, not hard, that splits into 2 or many, 1 seeded segments), inferior ovary • Leaves alternate, often compound, margins entire to pinnately lobed

16. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Malvaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • regular, petals free • 5 petals, 5 sepals, many stamens, filaments fused into a tube • fruit a schizocarp made from many carpels, superior ovary • Leaves alternate, simple to compound, always palmately lobed or divided

17. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Polygonaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • regular, tepals free or fused • flowers in umbels or racemes • B. perianthof 5 or 6 tepals, flowers are arranged in • 4 or 5 lobed involucres • fruit an achene, superior ovary • leaves alternate or basal, always simple, entire

18. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Chenopodiaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • flowers regular, mostly imperfect, tepals free • perianth of 5 tepals, 5 stamens • fruit an achene or a utricle (dry, hard, 1 seeded fruit, nut-like) • leaves alternate, simple, entire to pinnately lobed, • sometimes reduced to succulent or bract-like scales

19. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Rosaceae • Distinguishing Characters: • regular, petals free • 5 petals, 5 sepals, calyx fused into a hypanthium, • stamens many, ovary mostly superior, rarely • inferior (as in Malus, apples, or Amelanchier) • Fruit achenes or drupes when ovary is superior; • Pomes when ovary is inferior • D. leaves alternate, simple to palmately or pinnately compound, margins entire to lobed

20. Utah Flora BOT2100 Dicots Asteraceae Compositae • Distinguishing Characters: • Ray flowers are irregular, fused • Disk flowers are regular, fused • arranged in involucres with bracts called phyllaries • Petals 5 lobed, calyx modified into pappus • Fruit an achene, ovary inferior • leaves alternate, opposite or basal, simple to pinnately compound, mostly entire, sometimes lobed