Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Survey Design Workshop

1. Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysSurvey Design Workshop Household Questionnaire: Water and Sanitation MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

2. Goals and Indicators MDG 7 Target 7C: • Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation MICS Indicators: • # 4.1 – Use of improved drinking water sources Proportion of population that uses an improved source of drinking water [MDG # 7.8] • # 4.3 – Use of improved sanitation Proportion of population that uses an improved sanitation facility which is not shared [MDG # 7.9] MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

3. ‘improved’ means…. An improved drinking water source is: “a source that by nature of its construction is adequately protected from outside contamination in particular with fecal matter” An improved sanitation facility: “ a facility that hygienically separates human waste from human contact” MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

4. MDG definitions = MICS response categories Drinking water sources (incl. delivery points) Sanitation facilities • Piped into dwelling, compound, yard or plot • Piped to neighbour • Public tap/standpipe • Tube well/Borehole • Protected dug well • Protected spring • Rainwater collection • Flush/Pour flush to: • piped sewer system • septic tank • pit latrine • Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine • Pit latrine with slab • Composting toilet IMPROVED • Unprotected dug well • Unprotected spring • Tanker truck • Cart with small tank/drum Surface water (river, stream, dam, lake, pond, canal, irrigation channel)‏ • Bottled water* • Flush/Pour flush to elsewhere • Pit latrine without slab/Open pit • Bucket • Hanging toilet/Hanging latrine • Shared sanitation of any type • No facilities, bush or field UN-IMPROVED MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

5. Customizing Water and Sanitation module or changing of response categories Please don’t……. But if you have to: • Introduce sub-response categories • Request an exact definition of new (sub-) categories • Seek advice from RO/HQ • Maintain comparability with standard response categories MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

6. Response categories to avoid Drinking water • Piped (use: piped into dwelling/yard and public tap) • Well (use improved-/unimproved dug well) • Spring (use improved-/unimproved spring) Sanitation • Latrine • Traditional latrine (use pit latrine with-/without slab) • Pit latrine • Pit MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

7. Background documentation • Core Questions on Water and Sanitation for Household Surveys http://wssinfo.org/pdf/WHO_2008_Core_Questions.pdf • Detailed definitions and explanations of standard response categories • Pictorials for Water and Sanitation Facilities http://www.childinfo.org/files/JMP_Pictorials_for_Water_and_Sanitation.pdf • Drawings of improved and unimproved facilities • Useful for training interviewers • MICS Manual MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

8. Main questions and purpose • WS1: What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household? • WS8: What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use? Note: both questions seek information on use rather than on access! MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

9. Special case • WS1 Response: Bottled water • Additional question (WS2) to determine use of another source for HH purposes • Objective is to capture the real source of “drinking water” which includes water for: • Ingestion • Food preparation • Basic personal hygiene MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

10. Other drinking water questions • WS3 and WS4: Location of source and time-to-source • WS3: Where is that water source located? • If drinking water source is not on premises: • WS4: How long does it take to go there, get water, and come back? • Rationale: If roundtrip >30 minutes, people compromise on their minimum daily water requirement by collecting less water • Is an indicator for both distance and volume of water collected • WS5: Who usually goes to this source to collect the water for your household? MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

11. MICS4 Indicators • WS6 and WS7: Household water treatment practices • Multiple responses possible • Purpose: determine if people apply any home treatment to their drinking water and if so, what methods are used. #4.2 - Water Treatment • Number of household members using unimproved drinking water that has been appropriately treated: boiling; adding bleach or chlorine; using a water filter; or using solar disinfection (WS7=A, B, D, E) MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

12. Other sanitation questions • WS9: Do you share this facility with others who are not members of your household? • WS10 and WS11 • Rationale: • Shared or public facilities are considered unimproved • WS10 used to distinguish shared from public facilities • WS11 used to distinguish shared between a few households from shared between many households MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

13. Analysis • Use of improved water sources • Population using an improved drinking water • Household water treatment • Population according to drinking water treatment method and whether an appropriate water treatment method is used by the source of drinking water • Time to source of water • Households according to time to go to source of drinking water, get water and return, and mean time to source of drinking water • Person collecting water • Households according to the person collecting drinking water used in the household MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

14. Analysis • Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal • Population using an improved sanitation • Shared use of sanitation facilities • Population using an improved type of sanitation facility shared between two or more households MICS4 Survey Design Workshop

15. For questions or when in doubt……….. Please contact: • MICS-team NYHQ • DPP/SMS Monitoring Specialist Water and Sanitation: Rolf Luyendijk: rluyendijk@unicef.org MICS4 Survey Design Workshop