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WFCAM Surveys of Outflows in Perseus and Orion - Synergy with Spitzer and JCMT

WFCAM Surveys of Outflows in Perseus and Orion - Synergy with Spitzer and JCMT. Chris Davis. Thomas Stanke, Dirk Froebrich, Phil Lucas, Michael Smith, Nanda Kumar, Tom Megeath & Andy Adamson. http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/UKIRT/TAP. Taurus-Auriga-Perseus H 2 survey (UKIDSS GPS).

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WFCAM Surveys of Outflows in Perseus and Orion - Synergy with Spitzer and JCMT

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  1. WFCAM Surveys of Outflows in Perseus and Orion- Synergy with Spitzer and JCMT Chris Davis Thomas Stanke, Dirk Froebrich, Phil Lucas, Michael Smith, Nanda Kumar, Tom Megeath & Andy Adamson

  2. http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/UKIRT/TAP

  3. Taurus-Auriga-Perseus H2 survey (UKIDSS GPS) Perseus West: Davis, Scholz, Lucas, Adamson, 2008, MNRAS, 387, 954

  4. Present a census of molecular outflows in the region- Use the c2d catalogue to identify likely outflow sources.- Combine Spitzer + WFCAM to identify the youngest YSOs, the true protostars B1 NGC1333 In Perseus: 66,000 sources of which 610 are identified as “YSO” by the c2d survey (~300 in Perseus West). L1448 IRAC 4.5um

  5. …But most of the YSOs are not embedded protostars.Of the ~300 YSOs in Perseus West, only 24 drive H2 outflows:The outflow sources have red spectral indices (embedded) Red – All YSOs. Black – Outflow sources

  6. 80% of outflow sources have [4.5]-[24]>1.5 and [3.6]-[4.5]>1.0(Only 11% of the Spitzer YSOs have [3.6]-[4.5]>1.0) IRAC IRAC+MIPS Red – All YSOs. Black – Outflow sources Combination of IRAC, MIPS and WFCAM ideal for isolating the youngest (outflow) sources [4.5] excess due to contamination from line emission.

  7. Jorgensen et al. (2007) combine Spitzer IRAC+MIPS with SCUBA to identify 49 “embedded” YSOs in PerseusVery Red [3.6] – [8.0] and [8.0]-[24] coloursorMIPS sources within 15” of a SCUBA coreOf the 38 Jorgensen YSOs in our WFCAM images,24 (63%) drive H2 flows24 of the 26 H2 outflows we identify are driven by Jorgensen embedded YSOs

  8. …longer-wavelength data also needed to distinguish H2 knots from protostars • When only using IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0um data H2 knots CAN be distinguished from general YSO population (in red), but NOT from the youngest protostars (black circles)

  9. Orion A WFCAM H2 & K Mosaic covering ~8 sqr degrees Spitzer Protostars (circles) : Megeath et al. 2008 SCUBA 850mm (thin line) : Nutter & Ward- Thompson 2007 MAMBO 1200mm (thick line) : Stanke et al. 2008 [New overview figure]

  10. Dynamical Star Formation in Orion A • 116 H2 flows spread throughout Orion • 72/116 (+12 tentative) are driven by embedded Spitzer protostars • 57/72 (78%) are associated with MAMBO 1200 mm cores.

  11. Do all embedded protostars in Orion A drive H2 jets? • Megeath et al. identify: • 290 “protostars” • 1900 “disk excess” sources. • 70 of the “protostars” may be disk excess sources viewed edge-on. • Of the ~220 protostars, • 84 (38%) of the protostars • drive H2 outflows • H2 jet phase lasts as long as the protostellar phase.

  12. Association of H2 outflow sources with dense cores • We extract ~500 dust cores from our MAMBO 1200 mm observations. • ~100 cores are associated with H2 jets • ~ 70 cores contain a Spitzer protostar • 43 of the 70 cores with protostars (62%) drive H2 outflows • If unoccupied cores are “prestellar”, the H2 jet phase (protostellar phase) much shorter than the prestellar phase. Mambo core + Spitzer protostar HH34 Jet

  13. Summary and Conclusions... • Near-IR/mid-IR/submillimetre observations give a near-complete census of outflows • How important are optical observations? • Use near/mid/far-IR photometry to identify the embedded population…. • Near-IR – TTauri stars : Mid-IR – protostars : Far-IR - cores • Molecular outflows driven by the reddest/youngest sources • - distinct from the majority of the YSO population. • Statistics: • More massive clouds are associated with a greater number of outflows. • Jet orientations w.r.t. cores, filaments and large-scale B-fields… • Protostellar outflows may well be an important source of turbulent energy in the ISM in GMCs.

  14. (b) (a) (a) UKIRT/WFCAM – JHK, H2 (b) Spitzer - 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24 mm (c) SCUBA2 – 450/850mm (d) Harp –345GHz (CO J=3-2) (c) (d)

  15. Complementarity with (sub)millimetre CO surveys… B1 Ridge (east) H2 image Spitzer-identified protostars (circles) CO 3-2 contours

  16. B1 Ridge (west) HH773 H2 image Spitzer-identified protostars (circles) CO 3-2 contours

  17. www.jach.hawaii.edu/UKIRT/TAP

  18. Orion A - WFCAM J,H,H2 OMC 2/3 • Spitzer Protostars marked with circles (Megeath et al. 2008) • Jets marked with dashed line

  19. NGC1333 Use Spitzer photometry to identify the embedded outflow sources UKIRT and Spitzer 2.12 – 3.6 – 4.5 mm

  20. WFCAM H2 8’ N of HH34… HH34 HH 33 HH 34-IRS HH 40 HH 85 …better understanding of old flows!

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