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What I am going to talk about today

What I am going to talk about today. Moles Good, bad, ugly and ugliest skin lesions How to prevent skin cancer Sunscreens A word about Laser. Moles. Most people have a few Most do not cause a problem Occasionally a nuisance!. Flat dark moles.

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What I am going to talk about today

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  1. What I am going to talk about today • Moles • Good, bad, ugly and ugliest skin lesions • How to prevent skin cancer • Sunscreens • A word about Laser

  2. Moles • Most people have a few • Most do not cause a problem • Occasionally a nuisance!

  3. Flat dark moles • Junctional naevus – located at junction of outer and inner layer of skin • More likely than other moles to cause a problem – so the one to watch for!

  4. Raised skin coloured moles • Dermal naevus – located in deeper layer of skin • Very rare that they turn into melanoma

  5. Slightly raised dark moles • Raised in the middle • Surrounding dark pigmentation • Less likely to cause a problem

  6. Looks ugly but good! • Seborrhoeic keratosis • Extremely common • Rough top • Usually do not need treatment • Get them checked if any doubt

  7. Sin tags • Harmless but can irritate and aggravate • Neck, chest, back, armpits or in the groin area • Can be removed by cutting, freezing or burning

  8. Warts • Very common • Nuisance but not a serious problem • Treatment can be more uncomfortable and troublesome than the warts

  9. Treating warts • Number of treatments, none of them very successful • Paints • Freezing • Duct tape!

  10. How to cure your wart with duct tape! • Cover the wart with duct tape for 6 days. If the tape falls off during this time, put on a fresh piece • After 6 days, remove the tape and soak the wart in warm water for 5 minutes. After drying, rub gently with an emery board or pumice stone to get rid of dead tissue from the top of the wart • Leave the wart uncovered overnight and put the tape on again the next day • Continue for up to two months.

  11. Actinic keratoses

  12. Actinic keratoses • Dry, scaly patches • Form on sun exposed areas of the skin, including the scalp, face, forearms, and back of the hands • Caused by years of excessive sun exposure. • If you develop one you are likely to get another

  13. Actinic keratoses • Actinic keratoses on the lip • Appear as cracking, dried lips

  14. Actinic keratoses • Actinic keratoses are considered PRECANCEROUS • Important to treat them • Treat by freezing, creams and sometimes surgery

  15. Avoiding new Actinic keratoses • AVOID SUN EXPOSURE • The best way to avoid new actinic keratoses and skin cancer is to protect your skin from the sun and the damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays. • If you can’t avoid spending time outdoors, make sun protection a priority. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30, and cover your skin with long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and a wide-brimmed hat.

  16. Basal cell carcinoma • Commonest type of cancer • 80% of skin cancers • NOT dangerous as does not spread beyond the skin

  17. Basal cell carcinoma • A sore that comes and goes but never completely heals • A shiny bump or nodule, especially if it appears pearly or translucent

  18. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma • Creams for superficial ones • Freezing for small ones • Surgery for others

  19. Squamous cell carcinoma • 10% of skin cancers • A dry, crusted, scaly patch of skin that is red and swollen at the base • A sore that won’t heal • Crusted skin

  20. Squamous cell carcinoma • Can sometimes spread beyond the skin • Important to diagnose and treat early • Main treatment is surgery • Sometimes radiotherapy is used

  21. The ugliest!

  22. Melanoma • 5% of skin cancers • Most DANGEROUS SKIN CANCER • A mole that changes in size, shape, colour, or feel • A new mole that appears and continues to grow or change

  23. The ABCDE rule • Asymmetry. Does one half of a mole look different from the other? • Border. Is the edge (border) of the mole ragged, notched, or blurred? • Colour. Does the mole have a variety of hues or colours within the same lesion? • Diameter. Is the mole wider than 6mm or 1/4 inch? • Evolving. Does the mole or skin lesion look different from your other moles or has it changed in shape colour, size or other trait?

  24. Key point • If you notice a mole that is different from others, or which changes, itches, or bleeds even if it is smaller than 6 millimetre – GET ADVICE

  25. Who is at risk? • No one knows exact cause • Fair skin • Many moles especially more than 50 • Severe, blistering sunburns: People who have had at least one severe, blistering sunburn as a child or teenager are at increased risk of melanoma • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation – sunlight as well as tanning booths and sunlamps • Family history or personal history of melanoma

  26. Treatment of melanoma • Surgery is main treatment • Sometimes chemotherapy

  27. How to prevent skin cancers? • Minimize exposure to the sun at midday - between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. • Apply sunscreen, with at least an SPF-30 or higher that protects against both UVA and UVB rays, to all areas of the body that are exposed to the sun. • Reapply sunscreen every two hours, even on cloudy days. Reapply after swimming or perspiring.

  28. How to prevent skin cancers? • Wear clothing that covers the body and shades the face – wear hat and sunglasses • Avoid exposure to UV radiation from sunlamps or tanning parlours. • Protect children. Keep them from excessive sun exposure when the sun is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.), and apply sunscreen liberally and frequently to children 6 months of age and older.

  29. Skin self check • Monthly check for changes in moles • Stand in front of a mirror and check your skin for: Unusual discolorations Abnormal moles, looking for changes in: • Colour • Shape • Size • Check the hard-to-see areas: Under your arms The soles of your feet Between your toes • Part your hair and check your scalp • Have your partner check your back for skin discolorations and changing moles

  30. About sunscreens • Sunscreen protects your skin by absorbing and reflecting ultraviolet rays from the sun

  31. Sunscreens • All sunscreens have a sun protection factor (SPF) rating that indicates how long a sunscreen remains effective on the skin. • If you normally develop a sunburn in 10 minutes without wearing a sunscreen, a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 will protect you for 150 minutes — 10 minutes multiplied by the SPF of 15.

  32. Sunscreens • Use a "broad spectrum" sunscreen – one that protects against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) • Use sunscreens with an SPF of at least 30. • Adults should cover their bodies in enough sunscreen that would fill a shot glass and reapply every two hours.

  33. Laser treatment • Not generally on the NHS! • Useful for hair removal, thread veins, skin blemishes and scars • Important to select a clinic with good track record

  34. Take Home Messages • If you notice a new skin lesion that stays or an old one that starts changing GET ADVICE. • Enjoy the Sun but with RESPECT • IF you have a wart and you know it, make your way to the nearest DIY store and get some duct tape • Above all, Smile a little and • Keep Safe

  35. Acknowledgement • Some pictures from www.dermnetnz.org with thanks

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