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We use modal verbs /auxiliary verbs

We use modal verbs /auxiliary verbs. to sh o w how certain we are about something. could. can’t. can. must. may. might. MUST. Certainty (positive) Examples: You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired. A: Jim is a hard worker.

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We use modal verbs /auxiliary verbs

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  1. We use modal verbs/auxiliary verbs to show how certain we are about something could can’t can must may might

  2. MUST • Certainty (positive) Examples: • You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired. • A: Jim is a hard worker. B: Jim? You must be joking. He doesn’t do anything. • Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day. • I’m sure Sally gave me her phone number. I must have it somewhere.

  3. COULD • COULD can be used to talk about possible action now or in the future (suggestion) • Sometimes, could is the past of CAN. Examples: • When you go to Paris next month, you could stay with Julia.

  4. MAY or MIGHT • Possibility • Similar to COULD Examples: • It may be true. • It might be true. • She might know. • She may know.

  5. MAY or MIGHT Past: MAY have V3 or MIGHT have V3 Examples: A: I wonder why Kate didn’t answer the phone. B: She may have been asleep. A: I can’t find my bag anywhere. B: You might have left it in the shop.

  6. CAN’T • Certainty (Negative) • Not possible Examples: • You’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already. • They haven’t lived here for very long. They can’t know many people.

  7. Differences in the usage • Ordinary infinitive: to speculate about unlimited present time. She might know them. • Progressive infinitive: to speculate about things going on at the moment of speaking She might be snorkelling. • Perfect infinitive: to speculate about the past He might have fallen asleep.

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