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Chapter 8-Part 2 Pictures Thermodynamics and ATP

Chapter 8-Part 2 Pictures Thermodynamics and ATP. Enzyme 1. Enzyme 2. Enzyme 3. A. D. C. B. Reaction 1. Reaction 2. Reaction 3. Starting molecule. Product. Theoretical metabolic pathway. Fig 5.2. Catabolic vs. Anabolic Reactions. Condensation → reactions (anabolic)

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Chapter 8-Part 2 Pictures Thermodynamics and ATP

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  1. Chapter 8-Part 2 PicturesThermodynamics and ATP

  2. Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 A D C B Reaction 1 Reaction 2 Reaction 3 Startingmolecule Product Theoretical metabolic pathway

  3. Fig 5.2. Catabolic vs. Anabolic Reactions • Condensation → reactions (anabolic) • Hydrolysis →reactions (catabolic)

  4. Catabolic Rxns – • O-O O + O + Energy • Anabolic Rxns- O + O + Energy O-O Figure 8.6

  5. Fig 8.14 Energy Profile for a Catabolic (Exergonic) Reaction ALL rxns require some input of energy In exergonic rxns ∆G is a negative number

  6. Catabolic Reaction – Spontaneous because thermal energy (heat) is released (-∆H) AND bonds in products are more disordered (+∆S) Diffusion – spontaneous because randomness (disorder) increases (+∆S) Examples of Stored energy (Potential energy) ∆G = ∆H - T∆S ∆G = T∆S Examples of Kinetic energy (Energy of Motion)

  7. ∆G values • sucrose + H20  fructose + glucose (∆G = -7.0 kcal/mol)

  8. Exergonic Reactions are Spontaneous • What do we mean by spontaneous? fructose + glucose Example 2: Sucrose hydrolysis (very slow reaction without a catalyst) Example 1: Baking soda + vinegar (fast reaction) Spontaneous reactions are not time-dependent

  9. Question 8.3 – 8.4

  10. Fig 8.14 Energy Profile for an Exergonic Reaction

  11. On the platform, a diver has more potential energy. Diving converts potential energy to kinetic energy. In the water, a diver has less potential energy. Climbing up converts kinetic energy of muscle movement to potential energy. Figure 8.2

  12. Chemical energy (a) First law of thermodynamics: Energy can be transferred or transformed but Neither created nor destroyed. For example, the chemical (potential) energy in food will be converted to the kinetic energy of the cheetah’s movement in (b). Figure 8.3

  13. Heat co2 + H2O Second law of thermodynamics: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the disorder (entropy) of the universe. For example, disorder is added to the cheetah’s surroundings in the form of heat and the small molecules that are the by-products of metabolism. (b) Figure 8.3 

  14. 50µm Figure 8.4

  15. Chemical Equilibrium

  16. An organism in metabolic equilibrium

  17. Equilibrium ATP

  18. Metabolic Disequilibrium Food ATP ATP ATP Waste Products

  19. Questions 8.5 – 8.6

  20. ATP = Currency of the Cell

  21. Fig 8.11

  22. Fig 8.9 ATP hydrolysis

  23. Coupled Reactions

  24. Fig 8.10 ATP hydrolysis ATP synthesis

  25. Question 8.7

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