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WESTERN AFRICA MISSION (WAM): GTE/AURA Collaborative Science

WESTERN AFRICA MISSION (WAM): GTE/AURA Collaborative Science. Planning Committee: D.J. Jacob, E.V. Browell, W.H. Brune, J.H. Crawford, J.A. Logan, H.B. Singh. Previously presented: AURA tropospheric chemisry validation workshop (Jan 28-29, 2002)

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WESTERN AFRICA MISSION (WAM): GTE/AURA Collaborative Science

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  1. WESTERN AFRICA MISSION (WAM):GTE/AURA Collaborative Science Planning Committee: D.J. Jacob, E.V. Browell, W.H. Brune, J.H. Crawford, J.A. Logan, H.B. Singh • Previously presented: • AURA tropospheric chemisry validation workshop (Jan 28-29, 2002) • AURA validation workshop ( March 19-20, 2002)

  2. WESTERN AFRICA MISSION (WAM)an AURA collaborative science mission • OBJECTIVES: • To understand the interactions between biomass burning, the biosphere, human activity, lightning, and dust in determining tropospheric ozone and aerosol production over western Africa; • To understand the mechanisms for outflow of ozone, aerosols, and their precursors from western Africa to the global troposphere; • To characterize the transatlantic transport of this outflow; • To provide Aura tropospheric validation data in a complex and highly variable tropical environment where TOMS appears to experience difficulties. • TWO PHASES: • Winter mission (Dec-Feb) with emphasis on biomass burning; • Summer mission (Jun-Aug) with emphasis on monsoon and dust

  3. COLLABORATION WITH EUROPEAN AMMA MISSIONAfrican Multidimensional Monsoon Analysis- OR –Analyse Multidimensionelle de la Mousson Africaine • First operational phase: Apr-Oct 2005 • UK-France-U.S. collaboration focused on monsoon dynamics • Secondary focus: chemical processing in wet convection …but NASA/WAM planning committee thinks winter mission should go first • NASA encouragement has spurred European plan for a winter “AMMA” mission with atmospheric chemistry focus: • Led by R. Delmas, G. Ancellet, J.-L. Redelsperger, F. Roux, K. Law • Could take place in winter 05/06, 06/07, 07/08 – Europeans are flexible • Two French aircraft: Mystere and turboprop • International conference to be organized by R. Delmas at end of this year

  4. WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE AND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICS Harmattan Flux Dust Anthropogenic Biofuel Savanna Lightning Biomass Burning Forest Ocean Biomass Burning Monsoon Flux Celine Mari, LA Toulouse

  5. ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active biomass burning regions

  6. LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICA GEOS-CHEM - 1997 TOMS (CCD)- 1997 DJF MAM JJA SON Martin et al. [2002]

  7. OZONE VERTICAL PROFILES OVER ABIDJAN North African Dec-Feb ozone enhancement from biomass burning Is seen by aircraft observations but not by TOMS (Martin et al., 2002) GEOS- CHEM TOMS (distributed w/assumed standard profile) MOZAIC aircraft data Note: in situ observations over and around western Africa are exceedingly few!

  8. LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000)Western Africa is one of the world’s most active lightning regions DJF JJA

  9. …AND YET MODELS PREDICT MAX. LIGHTNING INFLUENCE ON OZONE OVER S. ATLANTIC YEAR-ROUND (Anne Thompson’s “Atlantic Paradox”) Difference between standard and no-lightning GEOS-CHEM simulations Martin et al. [2002]

  10. HIGH AFRICAN BIOGENIC VOC EMISSIONS SEEN BY GOME T. Kurosu (SAO) and P. Palmer (Harvard)

  11. WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST REGIONS ON EARTH

  12. DUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVECOMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALS SeaWIFS “true-color” data (obtained from R. Husar)

  13. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGYFOR WAM SATELLITES MODELS AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUND AURA: Ozone, CO, H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3, CH4, HCHO, … 3-D CTM forecasts and analyses Others: CO2, aerosols, surface properties, lightning… WB-57 and DC-8 aircraft Design mission to optimize value of combined AURA/aircraft data set towards addressing mission objectives and testing relevant CTMs; AURA validation is an essential component of process

  14. Two aircraft • WB-57: vertical profiles to tropopause, convective outflow • DC-8: source region characterization, lower-altitude outflow • Link with other AURA validation missions • WAM will be part of AVE and may link with TC3 Costa Rica deployment; WAM complements TC3 which focuses on cleaner and simpler regions of the tropics. • Two seasons • winter (Jan-Feb): biomass burning • summer or shoulder season (Apr-Oct): monsoon, lightning • Bases of operations • Ivory Coast , Benin, Senegal (link with European planning) • Ancillary measurements • Ozonesonde launches, ground-based lidar • Coordination with European aircraft, ground-based stations • Timing • winter 2006/2007 for first phase would be optimal WAM MISSION PLAN

  15. WAM AIRCRAFT PAYLOADS AND FLIGHT PLANS • PAYLOADS • WB-57: AVE payload • DC-8: • Remote ozone, aerosol, water vapor • Ozone, CO, CO2, H2O, UV, aerosol properties, NOy species, HOx and HOy species, VOCs, ammonia • FLIGHT PLANS • Convective flights (WB-57, DC-8): vertical profiles in convective inflow/outflow, contrast to background • Source characterization flights (DC-8) • Chemical outflow and aging flights (DC-8) • AURA VALIDATION STRATEGY • Use WB-57 profiling capabilities, support with DC-8 detailed aerosol/chemical payload and lidars.

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