Economic Analysis of Machine Transplanted Rice in Thoothukudi District

1. International Research Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Open Access Journal International Open Access Journal International Journal of Trend in Scientific Scientific (IJTSRD) ISSN No: 2456 ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume is of Machine Transplanted Rice www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4 Economic Analys Economic Analysis of Machine Transplanted Rice in Thoothukudi District in Thoothukudi District Dr. T. Rajendran1, R. Kav 1Assistant Professor [ Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Agricultural College and Research Institute Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanad, Tamil Nadu, India , R. Kavitha2, S. P. PrasathBalaji2, A. Mathivanan Assistant Professor [Agrl. Economics], 2B. Sc [Agricultural] Students Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Department of Social Sciences A. Mathivanan2 ] Students Department of Social Sciences, , Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT Rice is being cultivated in conventional method of transplanting, but due to shortage of water and labor, new technique called Machine Transplanting is practiced by few farmers nowadays. Machine transplanting involves planting young rice seedlings into puddled soil by a machine. It requires considerably less time and labor than manual transplanting. Thoothukudi district is one among the major producers of rice in Tamil Nadu. This is study is mainly focusing on to assess the economic analysis of machine transplanted rice in Thoothukudi district. splanted rice in Thoothukudi district. Rice is being cultivated in conventional method of transplanting, but due to shortage of water and labor, new technique called Machine Transplanting is practiced by few farmers nowadays. Machine transplanting involves planting young rice seedlings dled soil by a machine. It requires considerably less time and labor than manual transplanting. Thoothukudi district is one among the major producers of rice in Tamil Nadu. This is study is mainly focusing on to assess the economic analysis government might encourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter might boost up the machine government might encourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter might boost up t transplanted rice. Keywords:economics, rice, conventional planting, machine transplanter economics, rice, conventional planting, INTRODUCTION Tamil Nadu is rapidly transforming to high level of agricultural mechanization. Due to the sudden change in labour scenario, many mechanization in rice. Different custom hire operators have emerged according to the economic necessity especially for rice harvesting and transplanting in addition to the traditional services of ploughing and transport. However the small and medium farmers fund it extremely difficult to carry out day to day work. Due to the fragmented holding the farmers are not able to engage private hire operators. cultivated in conventional method of transplanting, but due to shortage of water and labor, new technique called Machine Transplanting is practiced by few farmers nowadays. Machine transplanting involves planting young rice seedlings into puddled soil by a machine. It requires considerably less time and labor than manual transplanting. Thoothukudi district is one among the major producers of rice in Tamil Nadu among the major producers of rice in Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is rapidly transforming to high level of agricultural mechanization. Due to the sudden change in labour scenario, many mechanization in rice. Different custom hire operators have emerged according to the economic necessity ally for rice harvesting and transplanting in addition to the traditional services of ploughing and transport. However the small and medium farmers fund it extremely difficult to carry out day to day work. Due to the fragmented holding the farmers are able to engage private hire operators. Rice is being cultivated in conventional method of transplanting, but due to shortage of water and labor, new technique called Machine Transplanting is practiced by few farmers nowadays. Machine transplanting involves planting young rice seedlings into puddled soil by a machine. It requires considerably less time and labor than manual transplanting. Thoothukudi district is one farmers farmers adopted adopted Total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings per acre was Rs. 1800/ machine transplanting was Rs. 1000/- expenses incurred on plant protection was slightly high in case of conventionally planted fields [Rs. 1500/-], as compared to the mechanically transplanted fields [Rs.1100/-]. Weed comparatively lesser [Rs. 3600/-] in case of mechanical transplanted fields, this is mainly because of practicing Cono weeder. But in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses reported on Rs. 4000/-. Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice [2350 kg/ac] when compared to conventional transplanted rice [2000 kg/ac]. The benefit-cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice [1: 2.5] where is in conventional transplanted rice [1: 1.9]. Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. The constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were training on operation, Non-timely availability of transplanter and land fragmentation. If increase more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter and training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter and Total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings per acre was Rs. 1800/- and per acre. The expenses incurred on plant protection was slightly nventionally planted fields [Rs. ], as compared to the mechanically transplanted ]. Weed management management ] in case of was was mechanical transplanted fields, this is mainly because t in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses . Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice [2350 kg/ac] when compared to conventional transplanted rice [2000 cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice [1: 2.5] where is in conventional transplanted rice [1: 1.9]. Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. The constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring significant improvement in agricultural productivity. Thus, there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural operations. The factors that justify the strengthening of farm mechanization in the country can be numerous. The timeliness of opera assumed greater significance in obtaining optimal assumed greater significance in obtaining optimal Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about a significant improvement in agricultural productivity. Thus, there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural operations. The factors that justify the strengthening of farm mechanization in the country can be numerous. The timeliness of operations has timely availability of transplanter and land fragmentation. If increase more @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Jun 2018 Page: 1576

2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 yields from different crops, which has been possible by way of mechanization. Hence, there is need to assess the economic analysis of machine transplanted rice in Thoothukudi district. Methodology was estimated to Rs. 1000/- per acre. The expenses incurred on plant protection was slightly high in case of conventionally planted fields [Rs. 1500/-], as compared to the mechanically transplanted fields [Rs.1100/-]. There was less incidence of pest and diseases in case of mechanical transplanted fields compared to the conventionally planted field, this mainly because of the perfect maintenance of ventilation due to proper spacing between plants and rows. Thoothukudi, district was selected purposively as it has an area of 1000 ha of Paddy in the district. It occupies pride place in area and production of the state and farmers of this district were practicing mechanization in almost all the rice farm operations. A multi-stage sampling technique was followed for the purpose of selection of primary sampling units. In Thoothukudi, district, two blocks was selected in randomly viz. Alwarthirunagari, and Srivaikundam. Then two villages were selected in randomly per block. Each village from 10 sample rice growers were selected in randomly. Thus total sampling size will leads to 40. Simple percentage analysis has been used to estimating costs and returns. Expenses incurred on weed management was comparatively lesser [Rs. 3600/-] in case of mechanical transplanted fields, this is mainly because of practicing Cono-weeder. Farmers were reported that use of cono-weeder would increase the sprouting more tillers per hill through providing more aeration to the roots and also increase the nutrients uptake. But in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses reported on Rs. 4000/-. There would not be significant difference on expenses incurred on harvesting expenditures since all farmers were used combined harvester for harvesting of the crop. Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice [2350 kg/ac] when compared to conventional transplanted rice [2000 kg/ac]. Results and Discussions Cost of Cultivation of Rice The cost of cultivation of rice under mechanical and conventional methods was analyzed and presented in the table 1.It is concluded from the Table 1 that total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings were produced under conventional nursery in which cost of seedling per acre was Rs. 1800/- per acre. The cost of seedlings for machine transplanting It could be seen from the table 2, the benefit-cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice [1: 2.5] where is in conventional transplanted rice [1: 1.9]. Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1577

3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Table 1 Cost of Cultivation of Rice [Rs./acre] S. No Operations Conventional Planting [Rs.] Machine Planting [Rs.] Nursery 1.Nursery preparation 700 - 2.Seeds 800 - 3.Sowing 300 - Main Field Preparation 4.Main field preparation 2100 2100 5.Fertilizer-Basal 1800 1800 6.Transplanting-Labour 3500 Machine Transplanting 3300 7.Fertilizer-Top dressing 1500 1500 8.Weeding 4000 3600 9.Plant protection 1500 1100 10.Manual Harvesting Combined Harvester 2700 2700 11.Drying 900 900 12.Commission Charges 50/Bag 50/Bag 13.Yield [kg/ac] 2000 2350 Table 2 Benefit-Cost Ratio S. No Particulars Conventional Planting 2000 Rs. 16.50/- Rs. 19800/- Rs. 33000/- Rs. 6000/- Rs. 39000/- Rs. 19200 /- 1 : 1.9 Mechanical Planting 2350 Rs. 16.50/- Rs. 17000/- Rs. 38775/- Rs. 4500/- Rs. 43275/- Rs. 26275 /- 1 : 2.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yield [productivity] in kgs Average Price [per kg] Cost of Cultivation [Rs. per acre] Returns from main product [Rs/ac] Returns from by product [Rs/ac] Gross return [per acre] Net return [per acre] Benefit : Cost Ratio @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1578

4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470 Reason quoted by the farmers for adoption of machine transplantation were uniform sowing, Time saving, Reduction of labours. Lesser Pest and Disease incidence and higher profitability the farmers for adoption of machine Conclusions transplantation were uniform sowing, Time saving, Reduction of labours. Lesser Pest and Disease Total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings per acre was Rs. 1800/- and machine transplanting was Rs. 1000/- per acre. The ed on plant protection was slightly high in case of conventionally planted fields [Rs. ], as compared to the mechanically transplanted ]. Weed comparatively lesser [Rs. 3600/-] in case of mechanical transplanted fields, this is mainly because Cono weeder. But in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice [2350 kg/ac] when compared to conventional transplanted rice [2000 cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice [1: 2.5] where is in conventional transplanted rice [1: 1.9]. Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. The constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper training on operation, Non-timely availability of transplanter and land fragmentation. If increase more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter and ourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter might boost up the machine Total cost of seedling for traditional method of planting seedlings per acre was Rs. 1800/ machine transplanting was Rs. 1000/ expenses incurred on plant protection was slightly high in case of conventionally planted fields [Rs. 1500/-], as compared to the mechanically transplanted fields [Rs.1100/-]. Weed comparatively lesser [Rs. 3600/ mechanical transplanted fields of practicing Cono weeder. But in case of conventionally planted fields weeding expenses reported on Rs. 4000/-. Regarding yield higher in machine transplanted rice [2350 kg/ac] when compared to conventional transplanted rice [2000 kg/ac]. The benefit-cost ratio was higher in machine transplanted rice [1: 2.5] where is in conventional transplanted rice [1: 1.9]. Hence, the farmers might have more scope to cultivate machine transplanted rice with higher profitability. The the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper training on operation, Non transplanter and land fragmentation. If increase more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter and government might encourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter might boost up the machine transplanted rice. Constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper training on op Non-timely availability of transplanter and Land fragmentation. Constraints faced by the farmers in machine transplantation were no proper training on operation, timely availability of transplanter and Land management management was was Suggestions given by the Farmers to overcome the constraints were Need more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter, encourage more hiring centers for rice transplanter and Need more subsidies on rice transplanter to the farmers. Suggestions given by the Farmers to overcome the constraints were Need more training to the farmers to operate rice transplanter, Government Government ce transplanter might might and Need more subsidies on rice transplanter to the Machine Transplanted Rice can be further increased by following the steps increase the subsidized transplanting machinery, Providing incentive to farmer for mechanized transplanting, More training for women SHGs to use transplanting machinery in order to ensure alternative employment opportunities, Setting up separate training center to train operators or initiating apprentice training under government subsidy and Ensuring only proven machinery that is reliable, serviceable and having adequate service facility. Machine Transplanted Rice can be further increased by following the steps increase the subsidized transplanting machinery, Providing incentive to ng, More training for women SHGs to use transplanting machinery in order to ensure alternative employment opportunities, Setting up separate training center to train operators or initiating apprentice training under government ven machinery that is reliable, serviceable and having adequate service References Farm Survey, 2018 @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Jun 2018 Page: 1579