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In Search of Synergy: Strategies for Combining Interventions at Multiple Levels

In Search of Synergy: Strategies for Combining Interventions at Multiple Levels. Bryan J. Weiner, Ph.D. Megan A. Lewis, Ph.D. Steven B. Clauser, Ph.D. Karyn Stitzenberg, M.D. Problem/Approach.

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In Search of Synergy: Strategies for Combining Interventions at Multiple Levels

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  1. In Search of Synergy: Strategies for Combining Interventions at Multiple Levels Bryan J. Weiner, Ph.D. Megan A. Lewis, Ph.D. Steven B. Clauser, Ph.D. Karyn Stitzenberg, M.D.

  2. Problem/Approach • How can we combine interventions at different levels to produce complementary/synergistic effects? • We used a causal modeling framework • Focused on two types of interdependence • Identified 5 strategies • Illustrated with interventions at multiple levels to improve the quality of treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer

  3. Accumulation Strategy Public reporting* (organizational) Opinion leader (interpersonal) Physician motivation Chemoradiationtherapy Outreach visit (intrapersonal) Legend:Box: intervention and level of influence (in parentheses) Diamond: mediatorOval: outcome *For expositional purposes, the diagram depicts interventions rather than determinants as causes. Public reporting in this instance refers to the publication of practice-level CRT rates. To keep the presentation simple, a single mediating pathway is presented.

  4. Amplification Strategy Public reporting* (organizational) Physician motivation Chemoradiationtherapy Opinion leader (interpersonal) Reimbursement(intrapersonal)

  5. Facilitation Strategy Public reporting* (organizational) Physician motivation Chemoradiationtherapy Opinion leader (interpersonal) Clinical Reminder(intrapersonal)

  6. Cascade Strategy Physician/ Managermotivation Advocacy (policy) Tumor Board(organizational) Multi-Disciplinary Planning Physician motivation Opinion leader (interpersonal) Chemoradiationtherapy

  7. Convergence Strategy Public reporting* (organizational) Physician motivation Opinion leader (interpersonal) Physician - PatientInteraction Patient Education(intrapersonal) Patient motivation Chemoradiationtherapy

  8. Discussion Questions • Do we have theories that explain how determinants at multiple levels interact to produce health and other outcomes? • Do we have enough cross-level research that examines the interdependence of variables (determinants) at multiple levels of influence? • Do we have sufficient grasp of the causal mechanisms through which commonly employed interventions produce their effects?

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