Matter and Change

1. Matter and Change Gen. Chem Chapter 1 Mrs. Geisler

2. Sec. 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science • Chemistry: study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. • ACTIVITY: in groups of 3 breakdown each word in the definition and rewrite your own definition on the paper provided. Be prepared to explain your thought processes to the class.

3. Branches of Chemistry • Organic • Inorganic • Physical • Analytical • Biochemistry • Theoretical On white boards define each.

4. Chemical • Any substance that has a definite composition.

5. Basic Research • Carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are.

6. Applied Research • Carried out to solve a problem. • Ex. When certain refrigerants escape into the upper atmosphere, they damage the ozone layer, which helps block harmful uv rays from reaching the surface of Earth. ---cause health problems new refrigerants were developed.

7. Technological Development • The production and use of products that improve our quality of life. • Ex. Computers, catalytic converters for cars…

8. Review • Define chemistry. • Name six branches of study in chemistry. • Compare and contrast basic research, applies research, and technological development.

9. Group Activity Scientific and technological advances are constantly changing how people live and work. Discuss a change that you have observed in your lifetime and what has made life easier or more enjoyable for you. - Within your groups discuss this and then be prepared to share with the rest of the class.

10. Sec. 2 Matter and Its Properties What is matter? What is volume and mass?

11. Vocabulary • Volume – amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. • Mass – measure of the amount of matter. • All matter has mass. • All matter has volume • Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space.

12. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • Element – is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. • Examples ??????

13. Basic Basic Building Blocks of Matter cont… • Compound – substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. • Examples ?????

14. Properties and Changes in Matter • All substances have different properties – distinguishes them from others. • What are some properties that define different elements on the periodic table?

15. Properties • Extensiveproperties – depend on the amount of matter that is present. • Ex. Volume, mass, amount of energy • Intensiveproperties – do not depend on the amount of matter present. • Ex. Melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity, transfer energy as heat.

16. Properties • Physicalproperty – characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. • Ex. Melting point, boiling point • Physical change – change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. • Ex. Grinding, cutting, melting…

17. Properties • Change of state – change of a substance from one state to another, ex. Gas to liquid • What type of change is this?

18. States of Matter • Solid – keeps size and shape • Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape • Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape • Plasma – high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons. Ex. Found in fluorescent bulbs

19. Chemical Properties • Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. • Ex. Ability for charcoal to burn in air • Ability of iron to rust by combining w/ oxygen in air

20. Chemical Change • Change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. • ChemicalReaction • The substances that react in a chemical change are called the reactants. • The substances that are formed by the chemical change are called the products.

21. Chemical Reaction Carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide ReactantsProducts Arrows and plus signs can be substituted for the words yields and plus.

22. Chemical Changes • Chemical changes do not affect the total amount of matter present before and after a reaction. • Matter and mass stays the same between the reactants and products.

23. Classification of Matter • Mixture – blend of two or more kinds of matter, each retains its own identity. • Homogeneous (solutions) – same proportion of components throughout. • Heterogeneous – not uniform throughout. Pure Substance – has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture. Unlike mixtures because they do not have a fixed composition.

24. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties. • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition. Pure substances are either compounds or elements.

25. Sec.3 Elements Groups – vertical columns of the periodic table. 1-18 Periods – horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.

26. The Periodic Table Worksheet