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Prepared by Mr. Shoup

Prepared by Mr. Shoup. Brief History Marijuana Gate Way Drug. One of the oldest plants in the world-China-4500B.C. Rope, netting, food, medicine, fiber and intoxicants. 1611 Jamestown Colony-Fiber Virginia today 1870 Book- Hasheesh Eater -Ludlow-intoxicating effects

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Prepared by Mr. Shoup

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  1. Prepared by Mr. Shoup

  2. Brief History Marijuana Gate Way Drug • One of the oldest plants in the world-China-4500B.C. • Rope, netting, food, medicine, fiber and intoxicants. • 1611 Jamestown Colony-Fiber • Virginia today • 1870 Book-HasheeshEater-Ludlow-intoxicating effects • 1922-1925 Panama Canal Zone Report • American troops smoking pot-Pentagon reports no harm to troops smoking pot • 1937 President Roosevelt Signs first marijuana law • Marijuana ReformLaw-makes marijuana illegal • $1.00 for medical use, $100.00 recreational use • Penalty for use/abuse $2,000.00/5 years in jail • 1938 First marijuana abuse arrest • 1944The La-Guardia Report • The medical, psychological, and social effects have beenexaggerated

  3. Brief History continued • 1970 National Organization for the Reform Marijuana Laws • Discrimination of Marijuana • Medical Uses for Marijuana • 1977 Marijuana Reform Act-New marijuana laws-today’s current laws • 1983-present-Medical values and research to effects on humans. • Schedule 1 Substance under the Controlled Substance Act-CSA • 1998-U.S vs Oakland Cannabis Club-Supreme Court ruled marijuana has no medical value as determined by Congress • 2002-U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upholding the DEA’s that marijuana must stay as a Scheduled 1 • 2019 of January-33 states have legalized marijuana for medical use • 10 states have legalized marijuana for recreational use to date: Colorado, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, California, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Nevada, Michigan, Washington DC and the District of Columbia • 2014-Coalition for Cannabis Law Reform Utah and Missouri-may be next to legalize for medical use. • 10 more to legalize for recreational use maybe in the future?????? • Trump signed the bipartisan Farm Bill into law in December2018-hemp that does not contain THC which is in marijuana. Hemp-Cannabidiol (CBD) Medical use of marijuana cannaidiols.

  4. Information below is current as of Jan. 2019 10 states and Washington DC and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for recreational use. In Alaska, adults 21 and older can now transport, buy or possess up to an ounce of marijuana and six plants. Oregonvoters approved a similar measure allowing adults to posses up to an ounce of marijuana in public and 8 ounces in their homes, set to take effect July 1, 2015 Coloradoand Washington previously passed similar ballot measures legalizing marijuana in 2012 California voters legalize cannabis in Jan. 1st 2018, it will take "many years" of patience to figure out how to tax and regulate a multibillion-dollar industry that's forever been largely underground. REMAINS ILLEGAL AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL TO DATE Canada legalized marijuana at the federal level-1st to do so to date. http://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-california-marijuana-legalization-report.html http://www.governing.com/gov-data/safety-justice/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html

  5. Hallucinogen Drug “Psychedelic Drug” • Psychedelic Drug-Mind altering, mood altering drug. • Changes the way you may see, hear, smell, taste, or feel things. • Female Hemp Plant-Cannabis“Sativa”, Indica, Ruderalis • Contained from the dry leaves, stems, flowers, of the hemp plant. • Plant can almost be grown any where. • The drug in Marijuana is: Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-THC • Drug is fat soluble-stored in the body fat from 30 to 42 days • THC stores in fat soluble organs: brain, liver, heart, testicles, ovaries. • Most of the marijuana used in the United States comes from sources in the U.S., Mexico ("Mexican Red/Brown"), and Canada ("BC Bud").

  6. Slang Names • Pot • Grass • Reefer • Weed • Mary Jane • Doobies • Bud • Dope • Tree • Ganja • Dank • Indo • Hydro • Others Blunts-bottom Joints-top

  7. How Taken? • Smoked-joint or nail, blunt, pipe, bong, gas mask • Ingested: Eaten food, or taken with drinks (edibles) • Hashish/Hashish Oil-concentrated resinous form • Used with: Paraphernalia: • Marijuana joint/nail-marijuana cigarette • Marijuana Blunt-looks like a small cigar • Roach Holder/Stones • Pipes/Clips • Bong

  8. Facts on Marijuana • Drug is THC-hallucinogen-Fat Soluble-30-42 days • 421-500 (480) chemicals prior to burning • 2,000 chemicals when it burns • 150-170 above chemicals are carcinogens • 50% more tar in a joint than in a cigarette-2.2=22cigs • 1970’s pot THC level was .02%-2%.1990s-3.75% • 2000-7.5% Sinsemilla 2000- 13% to 16% today. • Today THC level is 3-8 times stronger (3%-12%) • Sinsemilla-(Seedless), Hashish, and Hashish oil (dabbing)most potent forms of marijuana. 12%-16%+THC • When burned marijuana has a distinctive smell of burning leaves or a sweet/sour smell. • Marijuana concentrates- looks like honey or butter • Street slang Honey oil, budder, 710, wax, butane honey oil • THC 40%-80% 4xs+ than plant marijuana

  9. Effects of Marijuana on the Body • Smoking • Takes about 15-30 minutes for effects • Last about 1 to 3 hours • Greater effect of THC in the blood stream • Consumed with food/drinks: • Short term effects are slower-digested first • ½ to 1 hour after ingestion • Effects may last longer up to 3 to 4 hours • Short term effects-psychological • Long term effects-Physical

  10. How Marijuana Affects the CNS • THC effects nerve cells that have protein receptors that the THC bind too. • These areas of the brain are especially for pleasure, memory, concentration, thought process, coordination, attention span and sensory/time/space perception. • Effects the chemical dopamine that causes pleasure and arousal along with motivation and reward. • Hippocampus-memory area

  11. Central Nervous System • THC enters the brain, the user feels a euphoria called a “High” • This area is called the reward center of the brain. • This causes the brain to release dopamine • Get the munchies-hypothalamus • May experience pleasant sensations, colors, and sounds • Time/Space may feel slower “mellowing out” • Mouth may get dry and thirst may occur. • Followed by depression or sleepy high

  12. Marijuana Short Term EffectsEffects last 1-3 hours Central Nervous System • Changes the chemicals in limbic system. Hippocampus: concentration disrupts learning and short term memory • Loss of concentration and coordination • May cause damage to the synaptic gap-long term Hypothalamus-Person gets the munchies and become thirsty • Some will feel excited, others may feel depressed or sleepy Cerebrum-A motivational Syndrome • Slurred/slower speech, blurred vision, interferes with thinking, problem solving, decision making, depression, friends, and school behavior/attitude/grades change • Alertness/Short term memory • Perception-pot alters the bio-chemical process involving sensory perceptions- higher sensitivity, distorted time and space/distance. • Eyes become redden-blood vessels dilate • Marijuana and driving a car or bike Cerebellum • Effects coordination and balance Medulla • Effects reaction time/reflex behaviors

  13. Marijuana on Cognitive and Social Behaviors • Problems may become worse • “A Motivational Syndrome”-burn out • Change of personality • Grades start to drop • Depression sets in • Anxiety may start to occur • School tardiness or absenteeism starts • Fear/paranoid behavior in getting caught • Pregnancy-risk to having sex-choices decreased • Risky behaviors may start

  14. Short Term Effects Continued Respiratory System • Irritates the lungs-cough and phlegm production • Bronchi tubes enlarge • BENZOPYRENE AND TAR-MAIN CANCER CAUSING AGENTS-CARCINOGENS • Tar inhalation 3xs greater than a cigarette • Carbon Monoxide smoke-5xs greater than cigarette smoke • 5 joints per week equals 6 weeks cilia damage from cigarette smoking would do. Others: • Redness to the eyes-blood shot eyes-choroid layer of eye affected • Munchies-effects hypothalamus-controls hunger and thirst • Other long term disorders: • Bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung Cancer • Oral Cancers

  15. Short Term Effects Continued Cardiovascular System • Increase heart rate 20-50 beats more per minute • Decrease blood pressure • Increase CO in blood • Decrease Oxygen in the blood • Increase heart attacks • Harvard University researchers report that the risk of a heart attack is five times higher than usual in the hour after smoking marijuana. • “Smoking marijuana also weakens the immune system and raises the risk of lung infections. A Columbia University study found that a control group smoking a single marijuana cigarette every other day for a year had a white-blood-cell count that was 39 percent lower than normal, thus damaging the immune system and making the user far more susceptible to infection and sickness.”

  16. Short Term EffectsMale Reproduction System • Decrease testosterone • Decrease sperm count • Decrease mobility and mortality • Decrease physical growth • Gynecomastia

  17. Short Term EffectsFemale-Reproduction System • Decrease estrogen level • Alters the menstruation cycle • May alter ovulation • Decrease egg count • Slows down womanhood • Pregnancy-effects the unborn • Increase birth defects.

  18. Long Term Effects • Just like tobacco smoke, but effects are sooner • 2.2 joints is equal to 22 cigarettes to the amount of tar a person would inhale • More Benzopyrene • 50%-70% more carcinogen hydrocarbons than cigarette smoke has in it. • Tar is the main carcinogen-remember more tar in a joint • Lung Damage Bronchitis, Emphysema • Cancers • Impaired memory and ability-A motivational Syndrome • Refer to body systems.

  19. Effects of Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Blurred Vision Perception colors Speed ? Distance and Space

  20. Medical Use for Marijuana • 33 states have decriminalized certain marijuana useup to 2018 • 10 states have legalized for recreational useup to 2018 • Federal government has not legalized marijuana to this date-2018 Canada yes-2018 • In the U. S. Supreme Court and Congress has determined their is no medical use for marijuana • Schedule I drug • In Canada-terminally ill individuals can use for pain relief. • Research medical use in NYS-2014-15-VOTE-Medical use-JAN 11, 2016 • Cancer patients for nausea/vomiting after treatment • Glaucoma patients-leading cause of blindness-reduces pressure on the optic nerve • AIDs victims-to get them to eat something, not to much today, nausea • Chronic Asthma-bronchi dilators-but we use the prescribe bronchi-dilators. • Multiple Sclerosis • Crohn’s Disease • Seizures • Synthetic Marijuana-Marinol pill, inhalant, patch forms • 1985-mimics THC drug in marijuana

  21. Difference between Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica

  22. Medical Marijuana Plants

  23. Other Information • Among students surveyed as part of the 2005 Monitoring the Future study, 16.5% of eighth graders, 34.1% of tenth graders, and 44.8% of twelfth graders reported lifetime use of marijuana. In 2004, these percentages were 16.3%, 35.1%, and 45.7%, respectively. • Approximately 74% of eighth graders, 65.5% of tenth graders, and 58% of twelfth graders surveyed in 2005 reported that smoking marijuana regularly was a "great risk.“ • Between 2001 and 2005, marijuana use dropped in all three categories: lifetime (13%), past year (15%) and 30-day use (19%). • Current marijuana use decreased 28% among 8th graders (from 9.2% to 6.6%), and 23% among 10th graders (from 19.8% to 15.2%) • POT SMOKING IS DECREASING AMOUNG TEENAGERS

  24. Marijuana is Not Safe • Hospital shock trauma units found 1/3 of patients had marijuana in their bloodstream. • 1993 & 1994 1/5 of all hospital emergency room episodes were related to marijuana or hashish use. • 1995 40%-54% of teenagers arrested for criminal offense tested positive to marijuana. • In 2000, there were six times as many emergency room mentions of marijuana use as there were in 1990, despite the fact that the number of people using marijuana is roughly the same. In 1999, a record 225,000 Americans entered substance abuse treatment primarily for marijuana dependence, second only to heroin—and not by much.

  25. Where Can I Go for Help? • CARES • Hospital • Drug Hot Line • Doctor • Psychiatrist

  26. Prepared by Mr. Shoup

  27. Synthetic Marijuana • K2 or “Spice” is a mixture of herbs and spices that is typically sprayed with a synthetic compound chemically similar to THC. • The chemical compounds include HU-210, HU-211, JWH-018, and JWH-073. • Purchased in head shops, tobacco shops, various retail outlets, and over the Internet. • K2 is typically sold in small, silvery plastic bags of dried leaves and marketed as incense that can be smoked. It is said to resemble potpourri. • Synthetic marijuana is a designer drug in which herbs, incense or other leafy materials are sprayed with lab-synthesized liquid chemicals to mimic the effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient in the naturally grown marijuana plant (cannabis sativa). http://www.drugs.com/illicit/synthetic-marijuana.html

  28. History • America’s 57 poison control centers first received calls in 2009 • 2010 received 2,915 emergency calls • Jan 1st to Sept 30 over 5,083 calls. • 3/29/12 NYS Health Commissioner banning the sale of synthetic marijuana products-synthetic marijuana. • Sold in convenience stores, smoke, tobacco shops. • 2011 105 reports compared to only 4 in 2009 • Upstate Poison Control Center-half the calls under age 19 • National poison control centers 8,000 calls since 2011 • Gov. Cuomo-called upon the Department of Health to take action to ban the sale of synthetic marijuana products. • 1 of 9 high school seniors had used synthetic marijuana making it the second most common used illegal drug after marijuana • July 2012 when a national ban was enacted against the sale of synthetic cannabinoids in the U.S

  29. Synthetic Marijuana • Package as incense or potpourri • Marketed under the trade names: • Spice K2 • Genie Bliss • Black Mamba Yucatan • Bombay Skunk • Blue Fire • Fake Weed Smoke • Sence • Spice • Zohai

  30. How taken?Synthetic marijuana is ingested in a similar manner as marijuana • Smoked alone in a joint, a pipe or a bong • Rolled into a joint with tobacco or natural marijuana. • Baked into foods, such as brownies • Made into tea. Detected by urine test

  31. Short-Term Effects of Synthetic Marijuana Seizures Profuse sweating Confusion Heart attacks Hallucinations Dizziness (an inability to respond to verbal or physical stimulation. • High blood pressure • Rapid heart beat • Nausea • Vomiting • Anxiety • Agitation • Slowed speech • Headaches • active ingredients can be stored in the body for long periods of time

  32. Long-Term Effects of Synthetic MarijuanaAre Not Known-Yet! • On reproduction • Cancer development • Memory • Addiction potential • One report suggests some of these products may contain heavy metal residues that may be harmful to health. • Other reports claim synthetic marijuana can be addicting -- users who have had even unpleasant experiences crave additional drug. Regular users may experience withdrawal  symptoms.http://www.drugs.com/illicit/synthetic-marijuana.html

  33. Extent of Synthetic Marijuana Use • In the 2011 Monitoring the Future, a survey on adolescent drug use, past year use of synthetic marijuana use was second only to use of natural marijuana in high school seniors. • Roughly 36 percent of U.S. high school seniors reported past year use of natural marijuana, while over 11 percent reported use of synthetic marijuana. • In 2013, past-year use of synthetic marijuana among high school seniors sharply decreased, from 11.3% in 2012 to 7.9%. • Interestingly, when surveyed about the use of natural marijuana, trends (2008 to 2013) showed that past-month use increased from 5.8% to 7.0% among 8th graders, 13.8% to 18.0% among 10th graders, and from 19.4% to 22.7% among 12th graders. • These increases continue to parallel softening attitudes about the perceived risk of harm and disapproval associated with marijuana use. • http://www.drugs.com/illicit/synthetic-marijuana.html

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