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The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages. Early Middle Ages. Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries (hired soldiers)

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The Middle Ages

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  1. The Middle Ages

  2. Early Middle Ages • Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) • Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries (hired soldiers) • Emperors gave barbarians land within the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers in Rome

  3. From Rome to Constantinople Constantinople • (formerly city of Byzantium) became new capital and control centerfor Roman Empire • Was largest city by population in the world west of China • Strategic location on trade routes • One of largest natural harbors in the world linked the east and west • Byzantine gold coin (bezant) was the main currency of international trade • Ruled provinces by Romanmodel—Tried to maintain Roman influence

  4. Byzantine Empire in 6th Century

  5. Expanding Influence of the Church • Christian Church has become an important political, economic, spiritual and cultural force in Europe • Leading officials of Church were the Pope and Patriarch(powerful bishop) • Banning of heresy (holding beliefs that contradict the official religion of an empire) • Forced people to convert to Christianity • Eventually in 11th Century, Church split into two independent branches Eastern Orthodox (Greek) based in Constantinople and Roman Catholic in Rome

  6. Justinian the Great (ruled 527-565 CE) • Byzantine Emperor • goal to reunite the Roman world as a Christian Empire and stop all paganism (follower of polytheistic religion-Roman Gods) • Organized Roman laws into a legal system known as the Justinian’s Code • Simplified Roman Law • helped guarantee fair treatment for all

  7. The Holy Roman Empire & Charlemagne • Charlemagne (Charles the Great) who was a military general and restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled • In return, Pope Leo named Charlemagne the “Emperor of the Romans” (HRE=Holy Roman Emperor) which secured the relationship between Frankish kings and the papacy • Charlemagne became the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, a dynasty that would last for more than 700 years • Charlemagne rule the empire through the Church and state • Greatest contribution- encouragement of learning • Ordered the standardization of Latin, textbooks, manuals for preaching, schools for clergy and people, new form of handwriting • All these promoted education and scholars and produced a precise written language (Latin)

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