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Notes 4-2

Notes 4-2. Respiration. Food = Energy?. Not exactly! It’s a complicated process… Eat food  food broken down into small molecules by digestive system  molecules move through bloodstream to body cells  energy from molecules released. Respiration.

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Notes 4-2

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  1. Notes 4-2 Respiration

  2. Food = Energy? • Not exactly! • It’s a complicated process… • Eat food  food broken down into small molecules by digestive system  molecules move through bloodstream to body cells  energy from molecules released

  3. Respiration • Cells break down food (sugars) and release their energy • The cells of ALL living things respire (yes, plants do too!) • As food is converted into energy, your cells store the energy until your body needs it • Think of this like a bank account; a bank stores your money until you need it, then you take it out.

  4. Respiration has 2 stages:

  5. Stage 1: • Takes place in the cytoplasm of cells • Glucose (sugars from the food you eat) is broken down into smaller molecules • A small amount of energy is release • No oxygen is involved in step 1

  6. Stage 2: • Takes place in the mitochondria • Smaller molecules combine with oxygen • A chemical reaction occur that releases a lot of energy, along with water and carbon dioxide (this is why the mitochondria is the “powerhouse”)

  7. Two Stages of Respiration • During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

  8. Respiration Equation • The equation states that sugar (glucose) combined with oxygen yields water, carbon dioxide, and energy

  9. Where does it come from? • Where does the sugar come from? • The food we eat! • Where does the oxygen come from? • Plants release it as a waste product during photosynthesis and we breathe it in!

  10. What do we do with it? • What happens to the carbon dioxide we make? • We release it as a waste product when we exhale, and plants then take it in to photosynthesize. • What happens to the water we make? • Some of it is used for normal cellular functions and some of it is release when we exhale.

  11. Photosynthesis and Respiration • You can think of photosynthesis and respiration as opposite processes.

  12. Fermentation • Some cells can obtain energy without the oxygen through fermentation • Yields much less energy than respiration! • Examples: some single celled organisms that live deep in the ocean where there is no oxygen

  13. Alcoholic fermentation • Yields alcohol, carbon dioxide and a small amount of energy • Example: carbon dioxide made by yeast during baking makes air bubbles in bread causing it to rise • Example: bubbles in beer and sparkling wine caused by carbon dioxide

  14. Lactic Acid fermentation • Yields a product known as lactic acid • When you exercise, your cells eventually run out of oxygen, yet they still need to provide your body with energy…. They do this by fermentation. • The lactic acid your cells make leave your muscles feeling weak or sore. • How many of you have experienced this?

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