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EMEP Intensive Measurement Periods June 2006 / January 2007

Highly time resolved measurements of inorganic gases and aerosols during the EMEP intensive campaigns 2006/07. Eiko Nemitz , Rick Thomas, Chiara di Marco, Gavin Phillips: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, UK.

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EMEP Intensive Measurement Periods June 2006 / January 2007

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  1. Highly time resolved measurements of inorganic gases and aerosols during the EMEP intensive campaigns 2006/07 Eiko Nemitz, Rick Thomas, Chiara di Marco, Gavin Phillips: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, UK. Rami Alfarra, Andre Prevost, Urs Baltensperger:Paul Scherrer Institute, CH. Rene Otjes, Jan Willem Erisman: Energy Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Petten, NL. Gerald Spindler: Institute for Tropospheric Research (IFT), Leipzig, DE. Ari Laaksonen, Jukka Rukkainen: University of Kopio, FI.

  2. New feature of the new measurement strategy Also provide an interim solution until EMEP Supersites (Level 2 & 3) are established Periods for June 2006 & January 2007 focussed on the gas / aerosol partitioning of inorganic aerosol Measurements include Daily measurements with manual techniques (Wenche) Hourly measurements with two different continuous techniques (this presentation) So far only preliminary data available from continuous online techniques (except Cabauw  presentation by Rene Otjes) EMEP Intensive Measurement Periods June 2006 / January 2007

  3. Quantitative measurement Concentration & size distribution But, limitations: Measurement of sub-micron aerosol (100% across 40-600 nm) Thermal vapourisation at 550°C: non-refractory aerosol only Good for: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, organic aerosol Does not measure: sea salt, crustal material Ionisation: Thermal vapourisation, followed by electron impact ionisation (70 eV) Less fragmentation than laser ionisation More fragmentation than chemical ionisation The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

  4. Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) Particle Particle Beam Aerodynamic Sizing Composition Generation Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Chopper Thermal Vaporization & Electron Impact Ionization TOF Region Aerodynamic Lens (2 Torr) Turbo Pump Turbo Pump Turbo Pump Particle Inlet (1 atm) 100% transmission (30-600 nm), aerodynamic sizing, linear mass signal. Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition Analysis of Sub-micron Particles. Jayne et al., Aerosol Science and Technology 33:1-2(49-70), 2000.

  5. Continuous wet denuder (NH3, HNO3, HCl, SO2, HONO) Steam jet aerosol collector (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-) (MARGA also Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) Anions: online anion IC Cations: online cation IC (MARGA) diffusion membrane / conductivity for NH4+ (GRAEGOR) Two separate sampling boxes for PM2.5 and PM10 (GRAEGOR TSP)  More information in presentation by Rene Otjes The ECN MARGA/GRAEGOR

  6. The MARGA/GRAEGOR

  7. Comparison AMS vs. MARGA

  8. 1st EMEP Intensive Measurement Period June 2006:Gas / aerosol partitioning of inorganic aerosol(contributions: ECN, NL; Univ. Kopio, FI; PSI, CH) Cabauw, The Netherlands Auchencorth, Scotland Total PM2.5 = > 12.4 mg m-3 Total PM1 = 8.6 mg m-3 Mace Head, Ireland Melpitz, Germany Total PM1 = 6.0 mg m-3 Payerne, Switzerland Total PM1 = 19.4 mg m-3 Harwell, England Total PM2.5 = 13.7 mg m-3

  9. Total Measured ConcentrationsJune 2006

  10. Total Measured ConcentrationsJan 2007

  11. Overview of Average Concentrations: June 2006

  12. Overview of Average Concentrations: January 2007

  13. Comparison of the two Intensive Periods

  14. June 2006: Nitrate

  15. June 2006: Sulphate

  16. June 2006: Ammonium

  17. June 2006: NH3 & SO2

  18. June 2006: HNO3 & HCl

  19. June 2006: HNO3 & HONO

  20. Diurnal Cycles January 2007 June 2006

  21. Diurnal Cycles: Gases June 2006: solid line January 2007: dotted line

  22. Concentration Products[NH3] x [HNO3]

  23. Size distribution at CEH EMEP campaign Scottish Site

  24. Average size distributions Auchencorth Payerne Mace Head

  25. Charge Balance (NH4+ vs. sum of NO3- and SO42-)

  26. Contribution of Regional Ammonium Aerosols to Exceedances of PM10 Air Quality Standards in Urban Areas

  27. Hydrocarbon like organic aerosol (HOA) Freshly emitted particles High alkane and alkene contribution Looks like lubricating oil Proxy for ‘primary organic aerosol (POA)’ Oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) High in O (measured as m/z 44 = CO2+) Looks like fulvic acid Proxy for ‘secondary organic aerosol (SOA)’ The AMS can distinguish at least two types of organic aerosol

  28. The organic aerosol fraction

  29. Behaviour of HOA & OOA(Auchencorth, June 2006)

  30. The EMEP intensive measurements provide a powerful dataset. Model evaluation. Joint EMEP / ACCENT activity on intercomparison of CTMs? (Combine with daily measurements.) Bulk concentration Gas / aerosol partitioning Fine vs. coarse nitrate Size distributions Diurnal cycles Primary vs. secondary organic aerosol Synthesising analysis and publication (EMEP report & peer-reviewed). Data towards aerosol climatology for Europe Analysis in local context Data Uses

  31. Successful given that this is a new modus operandi, although more sites would be preferable Gap in Southern and Eastern Europe Conflict between long-term research commitments of the participating institutes More gaps in data (due to instrumentation) than daily measurements Was the approach successful?

  32. If we want to get more universities & research institutes involved: Plan much further in advance & do not change dates(should be planning 2008 campaigns now) Avoid periods close to Christmas / New Year Improve the communication channels Arrange for instruments to be taken to Eastern and Southern Europe (difficulties with lobbying & funding) ACCENT/BIAFLUX funds available to take instrumentation to other countries (order €30k) Possible topics: More extensive measurements of hourly concentrations of gases and aerosols (too late for 2007; would need to be 2008) Speciation of organic compounds (incl. biomass burning marker 14C) Aerosol physics (particle size distribution, number, hygroscopicity, volatility etc.) Planning of Future Campaigns

  33. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, UK (1 + 1 on order) University of Manchester, UK (2) University of Kopio, FI (1) University of Helsinki, FI (1) Paul Scherrer Institute, CH (1) Institute for Tropospheric Research, DE (1) University of Augsburg, DE (1) Jülich, DE (1) Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, DE (2?) Total: > 12  Discussion at AMS User Group Meeting October in Reno Availability of ground-based AMS Instruments

  34. Concentration Statistics

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