1 / 36

HORMONES

HORMONES. Hypothalamic Hormones. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone. Prolactin Release-inhibiting Hormone. Pituitary Hormones. Gonadotrophins -FSH - LH Prolactin. Oxytocin. Ovarian Hormones. Oestrogen. Progesterone. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone.

thais
Télécharger la présentation

HORMONES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HORMONES

  2. Hypothalamic Hormones • Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone. • Prolactin Release-inhibiting Hormone .

  3. Pituitary Hormones • Gonadotrophins -FSH - LH • Prolactin. • Oxytocin.

  4. Ovarian Hormones • Oestrogen. • Progesterone.

  5. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone • A decapeptide. • Secreted by the neurosecretory cells of the medial basal hypothalamus. • Passes along the hypophysial portal veins to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. • Causes release of gonadotrophins from the anterior pituitary.

  6. Cont. • Secretion is influenced by environmental factors which act via the higher centres. • This is a usually negative. • Positive feedback only for the secretion of LH.

  7. Follicle stimulating hormone • Is a glycoprotein • Stimulates formation and ripening of the graffian follicle. • Secretion is inhibited by the rising estrogen level.

  8. Luteinizing Hormone • Is a glycoprotein. • Along with FSH promotes follicular ripening and causes ovulation. • (Sudden upsurge 24-48 hours before ovulation). • Causes luteinization of both granulosa and theca cells.

  9. Oestrogen Secreted by the: 1 Granulosa and theca cells of the ovarian follicle. 2 Granulosa and theca lutein cells of the corpus luteum. 3 Suprarenal cortex. Conjugated In the liver with glucuronic and sulphuric acid.

  10. Estrogen Excreted: in the urine (70%) in the faeces (30%)

  11. Acetate Cholesterole Pregnenolone Progesterone 17-hydroxypregnenolone 17-hydroxypregnenolone Dehydroepiandrosterone Androstenedione Testosterone Oestrone Oestradiol

  12. ACTIONS

  13. Secondary Sex Characters Increases • Feminine Sensitivity. • Shyness. • Feminine Curves. • Soft Skin. • Luxuriant Scalp Hair.

  14. SECONDARY SEX ORGANS

  15. Vulva Increases hypertrophy and vascularity

  16. Vagina Increases • Hypertrophy and Vascularity. • Epithelial Activity. • Glycogen Deposition. • Vaginal Acidity. • Cornification of Superficial vaginal cells.

  17. Uterus • Increases • Vascularity. • Hypertrophy of myometrium. • Proliferation of endometrial Glands • Growth and compaction of stroma.

  18. Cervix • increases growth and cervical epithelial activity. • Mucus becomes thin ,profuse ,stretchable, increases fern pattern

  19. Breasts Increases vascularity enlargment. pigmentation of the areola. proliferation of the lacteal ducts and nipples

  20. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

  21. Cont • Suppresses the output of FSH. • the secretion of LH and ACTH. • Binding Globulins. • Protein bound iodine. • Protein bound cortisol. • Glucose Tolerance.

  22. Blood • IncreasesFibrinogen, factors VII,VIII,X. • Platelets become more adhesive.

  23. Progesterone • Secreted by the: 1. Theca Lutein cells. 2. Theca Granulosa cells. • Metabolized by: the liver. • Excreted in: the urine.

  24. Progesterone • Levels in the blood: Follicular phase 03-06 n mol / L. Luteal phase 30-70 n mol / L.

  25. Actions on secondary sex organs Vagina • Decreases cornification index of vaginal smear • Increases Ph. Of vaginal secretions • Increases vascularity of the vagina

  26. Cervix • Increases tone of the internal os and isthmus. • Mucus: Viscosity. Stretchibility Fern pattern is lost.

  27. Uterus • Glands increases in size, become actively secretory. • Stroma becomes more vascular and oedematous. • Myometrial contractions less frequent but of greater amplitude.

  28. Breasts: • Stimulates epithelium of the acini. Endocrine system: • It first stimulates and then inhibits the production of (LHRF)

  29. General • Sodium and fluid retension • Sebum by the skin • Is thermogenic. • Relaxes smooth muscles.

  30. Prolactin • Is a polypeptide, secreted from the anterior pituitary. • Stimulates growth of breasts. • Initiates and stimulates milk secretion. • Secretion is regulated by hypothalamic release inhibiting factor. (PRIF)

  31. Prolactin Suppresses ovulation. Normal levels upto 425 m I.u / L Secretions are increased by stress, stimulation of nipples, exposure to oestrogens and TSH

  32. Suppressed by: • Bromocriptine • Dopamine.

More Related