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England’s Changing Social Geology

England’s Changing Social Geology. Dr Daniel Vickers RCUK Academic Fellow in Social and Spatial Inequalities Department of Geography University of Sheffield. www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk www.areaclassification.org.uk. Introducing Social Geology. Introducing Social Geology.

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England’s Changing Social Geology

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  1. England’s Changing Social Geology Dr Daniel Vickers RCUK Academic Fellow in Social and Spatial Inequalities Department of Geography University of Sheffield www.sasi.group.shef.ac.ukwww.areaclassification.org.uk

  2. Introducing Social Geology

  3. Introducing Social Geology

  4. What’s the big idea? • Use area classification techniques to compare the country over time. • 1991 to 2001. • Smallest census units 91 EDs and 01 OAs. • Based on 2001 Geography - 1991 data to be assigned to 2001 OAs. • This will hopefully provide a picture of how the country is changing.

  5. Digging at the country’s social mosaic • Clustering elements (Objects to cluster, also known as “operational taxonomic units”) • Clustering variables (Attributes of objects to be used) • Variable standardisation • Measure of association (Proximity measure) • Clustering method • Number of clusters • Interpretation, testing and replication Milligan (1996)

  6. Digging at the country’s social mosaic V14: No central heating V16: Rent (private) V17: Rent (public) V18: 2+ Car Households V20: Flats V21: Detached V22: Terraced V23: Lone parent household V24: Single pensioner household V25: Single person (not pensioner) household V26: Population Density • V01: Age 0-4 • V02: Age 5-14 • V03: Age 25-44 • V04: Age 45-64 • V05: Age 65+ • V06: Indian, Pakistani & Bangladeshi • V07: Black African, Black Caribbean & Black Other • V08: Born Outside the UK • V09: Unemployed • V10: Working part-time • V13: Economically inactive looking after family

  7. Clustering results

  8. What’s in a name? • 1: Urban Melting Pot • 2: Mixed Communities • 3: Out in the Sticks • 4: Asian Influence • 5: Middle Class Achievers • 6: Down and Out • 7: Working Class Endeavour

  9. Changing Patterns

  10. Changing Patterns

  11. Changing Patterns

  12. Sheffield 1991

  13. Sheffield 2001

  14. London 1991

  15. London 2001

  16. Tyneside 1991

  17. Tyneside 2001

  18. Movements cause change

  19. What does all this mean • Is the country changing? • How much? • What is happening? • What is causing it? • Is this good or bad? • Where to from here?

  20. Further reading and resources • Vickers, D. and Rees, P. (2007). Creating the National Statistics 2001 Output Area Classification,Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 170(2). • Vickers, D. and Rees, P. (2006), Introducing the National Classification of Census Output Areas, Population Trends, 125. • Vickers, D. (2006), Multi-level Integrated Classifications Based on the 2001 Census, PhD Thesis, University of Leeds. http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/old/d.vickers/thesis.html • Vickers, D. Rees, P. and Birkin, M. (2005), Creating the National Classification of Output Areas, Working Paper, School of Geography, University of Leeds. • Williams, S and Botterill, A. (2006), Profiling Areas Using the Output Area Classification, Regional Trends 39. • www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk • www.areaclassification.org.uk • Forthcoming report and papers based on these findings. I would like to acknowledge the help and advice of John Stillwell, Phil Rees, Paul Norman, Danny Dorling, the ESRC and RCUK

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