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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Forcible Entry. Introduction. 2 ½ million homes broken into each year Owners install a variety of locking devices to protect both homes and businesses Forcible entry often one of the first operations conducted at a scene to gain entry

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Forcible Entry

  2. Introduction • 2 ½ million homes broken into each year • Owners install a variety of locking devices to protect both homes and businesses • Forcible entry often one of the first operations conducted at a scene to gain entry • Forcible entry is a combination of knowledge and skill • Must have knowledge of building construction and locking devices

  3. Figure 17-1 A typical assortment of forcible entry tools used by fire departments.

  4. Knowledge • Working knowledge of locks, hardware, doors, and other assemblies is essential • Must be able to “size up” the quickest and easiest way to gain access • Firefighter must know which type of tool to use and best method to gain access

  5. Skill • Involves a firefighter’s ability to apply knowledge of: • Building construction • Lock assemblies • Tools • Techniques • Skills developed by repeated practice

  6. Experience • Acquired by three means: • Drills and practice • Scene of actual fires and emergencies • Learning about others’ experiences through case studies and reports

  7. Forcible Entry Tools • Selection and right use of the “right” tool are essential • Right tool is the quickest and easiest way to complete operation • Many tools have more than one name

  8. Table 17-1 Forcible Entry Tools

  9. Striking Tools • Used to deliver impact to other tools • Used for impact delivery to the lock or the door itself • May force the door or even break it down • Types of striking tools: • Flathead ax • Maul/sledge • Ram

  10. Figure 17-3 The group or family of striking tools includes the maul, small hammer, flathead ax, and Denver tools.

  11. Prying and Spreading Tools • Used to spread apart a door, move objects, or expose locking device • Halligan tool • Claw tool • Kelly tool • Hydraulic spreaders • Miscellaneous prying tools

  12. Figure 17-7 The group or family of prying tools includes the Halligan, claw tool, hux bar, Detroit door opener, pry bar, and hydraulic spreaders.

  13. Cutting Tools • Cut away materials and expose locking device: • Ax • Handsaws • Bolt cutters • Power cutting tools—saws • Carbide-tipped blades and metal cutting blade • Masonry cutting blades • Chain saws and reciprocating saws • Cutting torch

  14. Figure 17-10 The group or family of cutting tools includes axes, saws (both power and manual), and bolt and wire cutters.

  15. Pulling Tools • Hook or pike pole most common • Grouped by type of head and handle length • Used to: • Open walls and ceilings • Vent windows • Pull up roof boards

  16. Figure 17-15 The most common type of pulling tool is the hook or pike pole, available in various styles and lengths.

  17. Special Tools • Number of specialized tools available to assist forcible operations: • Bam bam or dent puller • Duck bill lock breaker • K-tool and lock pullers • Most tools used in combination with other tools to accomplish a task

  18. Safety with Forcible Entry Tools • If misused or used for wrong task, forcible entry tools will create safety hazards • General rules apply to all operations • Always wear personal protective equipment • Follow manufacturer guidelines • Do not attempt to cut material for which a tool was not designed • Tools must be in proper condition • Never use tools alone • Tools should be properly stored and easily accessible

  19. Rotary and Chain Saws • Remove security gates, barred windows, and overhead doors • These saws present a number of hazards • Firefighters should follow operation and safety guidelines

  20. Carrying Tools • Many tools have sharp or pointed ends and must be carried safely: • Carry ax with blade away from body • Pointed and sharp end of prying ax carried away from body • With striking tools, head carried close to the ground and not swung freely

  21. Hand Tools • Constructed of: • Metal • Wood • Fiberglass • Combination of materials • Tools inspected regularly for: • Cracks in the handles • Burrs in the metal • Loose heads

  22. Maintenance of ForcibleEntry Tools • General guidelines • Cleaned and inspected on regular basis • Documentation of tool maintenance is important • Follow manufacturer guidelines for battery-operated tools • Specific guidelines for: • Metal heads and parts • Fiberglass handles • Wood handles

  23. Construction and Forcible Entry • Type of construction of many different features of buildings must be recognized and understood • Thorough knowledge leads to successful forcible entry operations

  24. Door Construction • Manufactured in many styles • Door assembly: • Door, frame or jamb • Mounting hardware • Locking device mounted in a jamb, which is rabbeted • Rabbeted jamb milled into the casing that the door closes against to form a seal • Stopped jamb has molding nailed or attached to the casing • Can be removed allowing access to lock assembly

  25. Figure 17-21 Doors are manufactured in a variety of styles and materials.

  26. Figure 17-22 The parts of a door assembly.

  27. Types of Doors • Three types of wood doors: panel, flush, ledge • Metal doors are hollow-core or metal clad • Two main types of glass doors: metal, tempered • Other types of doors: • Sliding doors • Revolving doors • Overhead doors • Residential and commercial garage doors • Roll-down steel doors and gates

  28. Locks • Locks keep unwanted visitors out of a building • Know types of locks, how they operate, and how to disable them • Key in the knob lock • Mortise lock • Rim locks • Tubular locks • Padlocks • Special locks

  29. Figure 17-33 The parts of a lock device.

  30. Figure 17-36 Rim locks (from left to right): a dead bolt, a vertical bolt and striker plate, and a vertical bolt with key cylinder. Figure 17-37 Tubular dead bolts. (Courtesy of Master Lock Company, LLC.)

  31. Additional Security Devices • Additional security may be simple or complex • Simple example: broom handle in track of sliding door • Complex example: additional locks • Forcible entry team may need to find alternative means of entry or use rotary saw • Obtain unwanted locks and use as training aids

  32. (B) (A) Figure 17-41 These auxiliary locking devices are usually not detected by the forcible entry team: (A) floor-mounted stop plate, (B) door blocker

  33. (C) (D) Figure 17-41 (cont’d.) (C) steel bar and brackets, and (D) sliding bolt. Note that the bar and sliding bolt are often homemade devices. 17.33

  34. Methods of Forcible Entry • Three standard methods: • Conventional • Through-the-lock • Power tools • All forcible entry operations must be coordinated with fire attack and ventilation • Lack of coordination may result in rapid fire spread or backdraft

  35. Conventional Forcible Entry • Old and reliable method • Use of leverage, force, and impact • Primary tools: • Halligan tool • Flathead ax • Accomplish one or more of the following: • Force door away from jamb • Break lock, striker, door, and/or frame • Force the hinges; breach the wall or door

  36. Through-the-Lock Forcible Entry • Involves attacking the locking mechanism • Remove key cylinder and operate lock with alternative means • Used when entry needs to be gained with damage kept to a minimum

  37. Operating Lock Mechanisms • Manipulate lock by using proper key tool • Flat steel key • Square key tool • Lock cylinders fall into two categories • Mortise • Rim lock • Correct tool determined by examining the cylinder

  38. Figure 17-46 To operate the lock, look at the back of the cylinder to determine the right key tool to use.

  39. Lock Variations • Many locks have a spring-loaded shutter • Rim lock with night latch can only be unlocked from inside • Locks such as key in knob and tubular dead bolts are opened in manner similar to rim lock

  40. Windows • Many types, architectural styles, sizes, and construction • Windows used as an alternative means of entry • Four construction features of windows: • Glazing • Sash • Frame • Security devices

  41. Figure 17-51 Windows are found in many types, architectural styles, sizes, and construction.

  42. Forcible Entry of Windows • Each type of window requires a special technique to force entry • Two general reasons to force a window: • Gain entry • Horizontal ventilation

  43. Figure 17-52 Use a long-handled tool such as a hook or pike pole to break glass out of a window.

  44. Glazing • Most common glazing material is glass • Different types of glass: • Regular or plate glass • Tempered glass • Laminated glass • Wire glass

  45. Types of Windows • Several types of windows: • Double hung/check rail windows • Energy-efficient windows • Casement windows • Awning windows • Jalousie windows • Projected windows • Fixed windows • Bars and gates

  46. Breaching Walls and Floors • Emergency situations often dictate that walls of structure must be opened • Two main considerations when breaching walls: • Type of construction of the building • Wood construction with lath and plaster or drywall easy to breach • Brick and reinforced concrete require more effort • Tools available • Ordinary hand tools are usually sufficient • Solid masonry may require specialized tools

  47. Figure 17-54 The firefighter uses an ax handle or Halligan tool to poke through a wall to determine if there are any obstructions on the other side.

  48. Techniques for Breaching Walls • Different types of walls present new challenges • Breaching wood-framed walls • Avoid area around doors and corners • Breaching masonry walls—block or brick • Without power tools only option may be 12-pound maul • Breaching reinforced concrete walls and floors • Most common tool used is the jackhammer • May need oxyacetylene torch • Breaching metal walls • Location of heavy structural members located first

  49. Techniques for Breaching Floors • Cutting wood floors with a power saw • Rotary saw with 12-inch-diameter carbide-tipped blade • Cutting wood floors with an ax • Locate floor joists and cut along joist • Pull up finish flooring to expose subflooring • Make all cuts on subfloor first before pulling up

  50. Figure 17-56 A rectangle, square, or triangle can be cut, followed by the removal of the finished flooring and the subflooring.

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