Age of Exploration

1. Age of Exploration Columbian Exchange

2. Essential Standards • 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions. • 6.G.1Understand geographic factors that influenced the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time. • Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups.

3. Clarifying Objectives • 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture). • 6.C.1.2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions (e.g., beliefs, practices and spread of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism). • 6.G.1.2 Explain the factors that influenced the movement of people, goods and ideas and the effects of that movement on societies and regions over time (e.g., scarcity of resources, conquests, desire for wealth, disease and trade). • 6.H.2.1 Explain how invasions, conquests and migrations affected various civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., Mongol invasion, The Crusades, the Peopling of the Americas and Alexander the Great).

4. Essential Questions • How were cultural expressions shared between the Natives & Europeans? • Why are the people of Mexico, Central America & South America predominantly Christian? • What FACTORS influenced the Europeans to move to the Americas? • Give 2 examples of how European invasions, conquests, & migrations affected the Native people?

5. European Explorers • European Explorers that were done fighting in the Crusades wanted adventure so they became explorers • The factors that motivated them to go to the Americas were… • Northwest Passage (Trade) • Conquest • Desire for Wealth • Spread Christianity (Religion)

6. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • What FACTORS influenced the Europeans to move to the Americas?

7. Columbia Exchange • Columbian Exchange was the study of the AFFECTS of what Europeans gave to the Natives & what the Natives gave to the Europeans • The Natives (Inca, Aztec, Maya) gave new things to the Europeans (Spanish) • The Europeans (Spanish) gave new things to the Natives (Inca, Aztec, Maya)

8. Columbian Exchanges 5 categories • The Columbian Exchange changed the world and shaped how the world traded • There were 4 categories of change that occurred… • Diseases • Animals • Plants • People • Religion

9. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • How were cultural expressions shared between the Natives & Europeans?

10. Columbian Exchange (Disease) • Possibly the largest affect was a NEGITVE one • Disease • It is estimated that 50% of the native population (Maya, Inca, Aztec) • Some historians put the number at more like 90%

11. Columbian Exchange (Disease) • Although many people believed that the Spanish killed most of the natives in battles it is NOT TRUE • Most of the Native populations were killed by SMALL POX & other diseases • This was because the natives had no immunity to any diseases brought by the Spanish Europeans

12. Columbian Exchange (Disease) • Another affect was STARVATION of the native people • There were simply not enough native people left to grow crops on Chinampas • This led to MALNUTRITION which made it easier to get a disease

13. Columbian Exchange (Disease) • Diseases usually went one way • From the Old World (EUROPEANS) to the New World (NATIVES) • The New World did have one gift for the Old World Europeans • Syphilis

14. Columbian Exchange (Animals) • Animals were hugely important to the people of the Americas • The Natives had never seen these animals that the Europeans brought to them

15. Columbian Exchange (Animals) • Animals increased the natives FOOD SUPPLY • Animals made it easier to FARM • Horses allowed for the switch back to HUNTER & GATHERS for some plains Indians (although this happened much later) • Horses also allowed for FASTER TRANSPORTATION

16. Columbian Exchange (Plants) • The exchange of plants (mostly FROM the Natives TO the Europeans had a huge impact • It provided yet another food source for the Europeans • During the time of the Columbian Exchange the population in Europe nearly DOUBLED in size • This was because of the NEW WORLD plants

17. Columbian Exchange (People) • another affect of the Columbian was on the people that were involved • The Columbian Exchange led to interracial offspring (babies) • This led to the repopulation of the Americas with a combination of Spanish, Native & African population

18. Columbian Exchange (People) • The new interconnected population led to the spread of different cultures & religions • Natives that had married Spanish shared cultural values with each other (oral traditions, dance, music, etc.)

19. Columbian Exchange (Religion) • The last affect on everyone was the spread of Religion • The Christian Religion was spread to many of the Natives • In fact some of the most famous explorers were sent by Kings & Queens of Spain to convert the Natives to Christianity

20. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • Why are the people of Mexico, Central America & South America predominantly Christian?

21. Long Term Affects • The relations between the Natives & Europeans opened up TRADING & COMMUNICATION • Trade Routes also spread RELIGIONS from place to place • Technology innovations in SAILING techniques allowed explorers to sail to the Americas

22. Columbian Exchange Video • Columbian Exchange was a sharing process between the Natives of the Americas & the Europeans • Was it a good thing or a bad thing? • It led to disease but also provided food for the worlds populations & spread cultures around the world • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4

23. Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. • Give 2 examples of how European invasions, conquests, & migrations affected the Native people?

24. EOG Questions • Three days after I captured this city, some of the Indians who lived here came to offer to make peace. . . . I received them . . . making them understand the purpose of my coming to this country, which is, in the name of His Majesty . . . that they and all others in this province should become Christians. • Coronado’s Report to Viceroy Mendoza, 1540 • According to the excerpt, what caused Coronado to conquer this city? • A) He was seeking trade with the native people. • B) He wanted to convert his fellow explorers in the region to Christianity. • C) He was searching for a fortune in diamonds that were reported in the area. • D) He wanted to Christianize the native population.

25. EOG Questions • There were many advancements during the Age of Exploration. • Which led to the settlement of the Americas? • A) better farming technology • B) better printing technology • C) better sailing technology • D) better military technology

26. EOG Questions • Which was a long-term effect of ancient trade routes? • A) the spread of religions throughout the trade routes • B) the spread of unifying systems of government • C) colonization of weaker nations along the trade routes • D) use of silk throughout ancient and modern societies

27. EOG Questions • Exploration and conquests occurred in the Age of Discovery. How did they affect relations between ancient societies? • A) They caused long-lasting peace with the help of religion. • B) They caused empires to close off access between their societies. • C) They caused outbreaks of violence that closed all trade routes. • D) They caused trade routes and communication to open between societies.

28. Important Points • 6.C.1.1 (Cultural Expressions) Culture spread from Natives to Europeans & Europeans to Natives. • 6.C.1.2 (Spread of Religion) Explorers to the new world had orders to convert the Natives to Christianity • 6.G.1.2 (Factors that influenced movement of people, goods, ideas) The Europeans moved to the Americas for CONQUEST, DESIRE FOR WEALTH • 6.H.2.1 (Peopling of the Americas) European Invasions, Conquest & migration affected the NATIVES through (religion change, death from disease, cultural exchange, trade)