English Language Learners

1. English Language Learners Who are they? What do they need? How do we help them?

2. Languages Spoken in USD 265 Albanian Arabic Bengali Cambodian Chinese Dutch English French (10) German Gujarati Japanese Korean Laotian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Spanish (72) Swahili Telugu Thai Vietnamese (69) 21 Languages other than English

3. We Are Growing: • 2008 about 107 students • 2010 around 187 students • 2011-12 school year - 200 students • 2012-13 school year – over 200 • Most are actively receiving services by ESOL endorsed teachers and or ELL Specialists • ~ 7 have waived their rights to receive services, but still must take the KELPA each year • ~ 5 are being monitored for two years once they have passed KELPA and are fluent in English

4. District ELL Specialist Manage ELL Students Education Plans Facilitate screening & KELPA to ELL students Collaborate with teachers and other support personal regarding ELL students’ needs Provide instructional coaching to teachers with ELL students Oversee para-educators of ELL students Community & parent ELL support, communication & education

5. ELL School Support Coverage • Janet Doud • Apollo Elem. • Explorer Elem. • Discovery Interm. • EMS • GMS • EHS • GHS • Goddard Academy • Lakeside Academy • Mariuschka Lovera • Clark Davison Elem. • Amelia Earhart Elem. • Oak Street Elem. • Challenger Interm.

6. English Language – Word Up This  two-letter word in English has more meanings than any other two-letter  word, and that word is “ UP.” It is listed in the dictionary as an [adv], [prep], [adj], [n] or [v].  It's easy to understand UP,  meaning toward the sky or at the top of the list, but when we awaken in the morning, why do we wake UP?

7. At  a meeting, why does a topic come UP?   Why do we speak UP,  and why are the officers UP  for  election and why is it UP  to  the secretary to write UP  a report?  We call  UP  our  friends, brighten UP  a  room, polish UP  the  silver, warm UPthe  leftovers and clean UPthe  kitchen.  We lock UPthe house and fix UPthe  old car. 

8. At  other times, this little word has real special meaning.  People stir  UP  trouble,  line UP  for  tickets, work UP  an  appetite, and think UP  excuses.  To  be dressed is one thing but to be dressed UP  is special. If you argue,  you can kiss and make UP.    

9. And  this UP is  confusing:  A drain must be opened UP  because  it is blocked UP. We  open UP a  store in the morning but we close it UPatnight.  We seem to be pretty mixed UPabout UP!To  be knowledgeable about the proper uses of  UP,  look UP  the  word UPin  the dictionary. In a desk-sized dictionary, it takes  UPalmost1/4 of the page and can add UP to about thirty definitions

10. If  you are UP  to  it, you might try building UP  a  list of the many ways UP  is  used.  It will take UP  a lot of your time, but if  you don't give UP  ,  you may wind UP with  a hundred or more.  When it threatens to rain, we say it is clouding UP.   When the sun comes out, we say it is clearing UP.  When it rains, it soaksUP  the  earth.  When it does not rain for awhile, things dry  UP. One could go on and on, but I'll wrap it UP,  for now . . . my time is UP!

11. Reflect on this - We will come back to this introduction For Now - Oral Communication

12. Oral Communication Have you ever taken a Foreign Language course? Have you ever had a professor with a heavy accent? Have you ever had to communicate with a technical support person with a heavy accent over the phone?

13. What Challenges Did You Face? Trouble understanding what was said Different terminology Different background knowledge Understood language better than you could speak

14. Report Out Language communication challenges Refer back to “Word Up”

15. Effective Communication Skills Face the ELL student when speaking Be sure ELL student can see your mouth Articulate your words clearly (move lips) Do not talk during or over video/music When giving oral directions – have written directions for ELL student also One conversation at a time during class instruction Seat ELL student close to you – facing you

16. Culture in a Broader Sense Cultural Awareness Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M. (Eds.).(2007) Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives (6th ed.) Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

17. Culture in a Broader Sense Cultural Awareness Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M. (Eds.).(2007) Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives (6th ed.) Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.

18. Need more personal space Field independent learners Personal space among friends and family is smaller Silence and no eye contact is a sign of respect Firm handshake can be taken as aggressive Smiles can be a sign of embarrassment Do not pat a student on the head (soul) (Whelan Ariza, 2006) Asian Cultures Cultural Awareness

19. Middle Eastern Cultures Cultural Awareness • Showing the bottom of their feet is negative • May not sit on the floor • No eye contact between males and females • See teachers as a knowing it all • Females and males may not interact in school • Do not offer the left hand (Whelan Ariza, 2006)

20. Latinos/Hispanics Cultural Awareness • Smaller personal spaces • Speak with hand motions • Highly communicative • No eye contact when reprimanded is a sign of respect • Field-dependant learners (interactive teachers) • Community oriented (cheating) • Do well in group efforts • Like to have and need assistance (Whelan Ariza, 2006)

21. Latino Learning Styles and Classroom Strategies Cultural Awareness • Cooperative learning • Buddy and partners • Pair share • Peer tutoring • Modeling • Informal class discussions • Personalized rewards • Explicit classrooms rules • Bring in humor, fantasy, and drama • Concepts presented globally (Ramirez and Castaneda, 1994)

22. Communication Patterns Cultural Awareness • Low Considerateness and high involvement (Latinos, Russians, African cultures, Greeks, and Italians) • Interrupt, do not wait their turn • High considerateness and low involvement (Chinese, Koreans, Japanese) • wait their turn, no interruptions, nod their head (Whelan Ariza, 2006)

23. BACKGROUNDSof ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS

24. Backgrounds of ELLs Academic Linguistic Affective

25. Academic Background of ELLs • Number of years of schooling in native country • Type of school attended in native country • Public vs. Private • Rural vs. Urban • Monolingual vs. Bilingual • Level of literacy development in First Language (L1) • Level of academic vocabulary in L1

26. Academic Background of ELLs • Number of years of schooling in USA • Type of programs attended in USA • General Education • Bilingual Education Program • ESL Program

27. Linguistic Background of ELLs • L1 Discourse Patterns • http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/titlevii/discourse.pdf • Language Registers • L2 Development • Language Transfer

28. English Discourse Patterns Direct Language

29. Romance Languages Discourse Patterns Direct language with digressions

30. Asian Languages Discourse Patterns • Circular in nature • Gives hints throughout discourse • Meaning is implied

31. Semitic Languages Discourse Patterns • Link together at the end • Loose in-between • Person may or may not link

32. Semitic Languages

33. Language Registers • What are the different Language registers? • How do your students function in each? • How do your ELL students function in each? • Are there things that you might need to change?

34. Language Registers • Frozen • Formal • Consultative • Casual • Intimate

35. Language Registers FROZEN REGISTER • Language that is always the same • Does not change Examples: Pledge of Allegiance Lord’s Prayer & Other Memorized Prayers

36. Language Registers FORMAL REGISTER • One-way Communication • Language used in business and education Examples: Lecture Speech

37. Language Registers CONSULTATIVE REGISTER • Two-way communication between workers Examples: Conversation between teachers Conversation between co-workers

38. Language Registers CASUAL REGISTER • language used by friends & family • can contain slang and vulgarity Examples: Phone conversation between 2 friends

39. Language Registers INTIMATE REGISTER • Language between couples • Language between twins Examples: Intimate talk Intimate Names Telepathic Communication

40. Levels of Language…BICSBasic Interpersonal Communication Skills Social Language

41. Levels of Language…CALPCognitive Academic Language Proficiency Academic Language

42. Dual Language Development ACADEMIC LANGUAGE L1 L2

43. Language Development • Four Communication Skills • Listening • Speaking • Reading • Writing

44. Language Development • Literacy • Reading • Writing • Oracy • Listening • Speaking

45. Language Development • Expressive Skills • Speaking • Writing • Receptive Skills • Listening • Reading

46. Just like a baby… 2nd Language development Silent Period One Word Two Words Three Words Short Phrases Longer Phrases Simple Sentences 1st Language development Listening One Word Two Words Three Words Short Phrases Longer Phrases Simple Sentences

47. How do students feel when they first arrive?

48. Nonverbal Communication Language Development Body Language Gestures Facial Expressions Eye Contact

49. Kansas Curricular Standards for English for Speakers of Other Languages • Standards for K-12 • Adopted March 2011 • Four Domains • Listening • Speaking • Reading • Writing

50. Degrees of support