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Chapter 2 E xercise : A Challenge of Homestatic Control

Chapter 2 E xercise : A Challenge of Homestatic Control. Homeostasis : The condition of bodily function where there is a constant or unchanging internal environment. The issues that are important in the application of homeostasis to exercise physiology are:

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Chapter 2 E xercise : A Challenge of Homestatic Control

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  1. Chapter 2 Exercise: A Challenge of Homestatic Control

  2. Homeostasis: The condition of bodily function where there is a constant or unchanging internal environment. The issues that are important in the application of homeostasis to exercise physiology are: •how well the body can reduce the physiological consequences of the exercise stress •the speed at which a homeostatic condition is once again attained during recovery.

  3. A good example of the dynamic nature of homeostasis is the beat-to-beat variability in blood pressure Systolic Mean Diastolic Figure 2.1

  4. Steady state : an exercise condition where certain body functions have attained dynamic constancy at a new level. Typically, steady state is used describe the condition of a constant oxygen consumption, where the contracting muscles’ energy needs are being met solely by metabolic reactions linked to the consumption of oxygen. eg: walking, jogging, easy cycling

  5. Figure 2.2 The changes in heart rate and oxygen consumption are good examples of physiological measures that become relatively constant during steady state exercise intensities.

  6. What are examples of other physiological measures that would attain a dynamic constancy during steady state exercise?

  7. CONTROL SYSTEMS OF THE BODY A biological control system is a functioning unit that works to help maintain homeostasis. The components of a biological control system are a receptor, integrating control unit, and effector mechanism. In most biological control systems the response caused by the effector mechanism works in opposition to the initial stimulus and is termed negative feedback.

  8. Gain: The precision by which a control system can prevent deviation from homeostasis. Gain = Amount of correction needed Amount of abnormality after correction A control system that has a large gain indicates that it has a more sensitive regulation that better maintains “normal” or closer to “normal” conditions.

  9. What are some examples of biological control systems of the human body that enable a person to perform long term (> 60 min) exercise?

  10. Table 2.1 (condensed) : The major biological control systems of the body that are important during exercise.

  11. Table 2.1, continued.

  12. Figure 2.4 End exercise Start exercise The blood pressure changes in response to the transition from rest - to steady state exercise - to a passive recovery

  13. Feedback Negative feedback: when the control system response works in opposition to the initial stimulus response the majority of systems regulation in the body involves negative feedback Positive feedback: when the control system response works to increase the initial stimulus response

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