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3.2 Burnout and Withdrawal

3.2 Burnout and Withdrawal. Issues in exercise and sport. Tom & Sam. Burnout and withdrawal???. Today’s modern athletes are subjected to an ever increasing demand on them to perform beyond their abilities.

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3.2 Burnout and Withdrawal

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  1. 3.2 Burnout and Withdrawal Issues in exercise and sport. Tom & Sam.

  2. Burnout and withdrawal??? • Today’s modern athletes are subjected to an ever increasing demand on them to perform beyond their abilities. • Athletes may believe they have to train harder, to possible dangerous levels, to achieve success. • It is assumed that more training will result in better sports performance. • This may not be the case; hence, Burnout and Withdrawal. • Morgan et al (1987) discovered a mood disturbance in training regimes of swimmers.

  3. Key Study – Costill et al (1991)“Adaptations to training volume in swimming.”

  4. Methodology… • Aim: To investigate if different amounts of training in swimmers will produce a measurable difference in performance. • Participants: • 24 male college swimmers. • Divided into two groups, ‘long’ and ‘short’. • Match pairs design was used; Costill matched pp’s in stroke, prior experience and skill.

  5. Procedure: First 4 weeks: Both, daily sessions of 1.5 hours. Next 6 weeks:Short, 1.5 hours per day. Long, 3 hours per day. Final 14 weeks:Both, daily sessions of 1.5 hours. • Measurements: Swimming power. (CYBEX machine) Heart-rate. Muscle biopsies. Blood samples. Swimming technique.

  6. Results & Conclusions: Short Group Long Group • Swimming power increased by 18.4%. • Sprint velocity increased by 3.9%. • Stable Cortisol levels. • Swimming power increased by 11.6%. • Sprint velocity increased by 3.7% • Increased Cortisol levels. Costill concluded that lower levels of training do not disadvantage an athlete; in fact, you can suggest that athletes may benefit from a lower level of training. There was also some signs of fatigue in the Long group; evidence for such is the increased cortisol levels and reduced testosterone. ‘The Profile of Mood states’ (POMs) questionnaire assessed the mental-health of participants and found no significant differences between the groups.

  7. Applications • Sport Coaching: • Use Variety. • Be a role model. • Emphasise the process rather than the outcome. • Encourage time off. • Quality is better than quantity.

  8. Evaluation: • Internal Validity: • Face validity. • Objective and Scientific Measures. (Heart rate, blood samples, cortisol levels, CYBEX etc) • Matched Pairs, reduces effect of individual differences. • Hawthorne Effect. • External Validity: • Population Validity. (Small Sample) • Mundane Realism. (College Swimmers/Sports setting) • Androcentric. • Fairly modern study(1991). • Concurrent (POMs) Activity!! Reductionist or holistic? Situational or dispositional? You Decide!

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