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Global Issues I

Global Issues I. Modernization. Billions of metric tons of Carbon consumed. http://petrolog.typepad.com/climate_change/2010/01/cumulative-emissions-of-co2.html. C I S Commonwealth of Independent States. Russia: 1900. 1917: Russian Revolution. Labor and land reform! Landless peasants

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Global Issues I

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  1. Global Issues I Modernization

  2. Billions of metric tons of Carbon consumed http://petrolog.typepad.com/climate_change/2010/01/cumulative-emissions-of-co2.html

  3. CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

  4. Russia: 1900

  5. 1917: Russian Revolution Labor and land reform! • Landless peasants • Factory workers • Rejection of elites (czar) Nicholas II (the last tsar)

  6. Czar Out; Commies In! Vladimir Lenin 1917-24 Joseph Stalin 1924-53 Wanted to Modernize Russia Industrialized USSR

  7. The Josef StalinEra, 1924-53 • Ruthless murderer of dissidents; purges of leaders • Millions and millions killed • Stalin’s Economic Plan: • Total state control • All power centralized in his hands • Wants to “modernize” (via industrialization) • Industrialized farms, too

  8. Stalinist “State Socialism” • Central planning of “Command Economy” • Heavy industrialization to catch up to West • Forced collectivization of private farmlands (created large industrial farms)

  9. The Moscow Metro • 1930: Stalin commissioned an underground subway system to be built • Metro as functional propaganda piece • Used as underground bunker in WWII

  10. Moscow Metro Stations

  11. Planned Cities • Stalinization(“Steel”) = Industrialization • Industrialization = Planned Cities • All for HEAVY / DIRTY industries COUNTRY CITY PRODUCT YEAR Belarus Novopolosk Petrochemicals 1958 Belarus Salihorsk Plastics 1958 Hungary Dunaújváros Metalworking 1951 Hungary Tiszaújváros Chemicals 1955 Lithuania ElektrėnaiPowerplant 1961 Poland NowaHuta Steel 1949 Russia Magnitogorsk Steel 1930 Russia Protvino Particle Accelerator 1958 Ukraine Pripyat Housing: Nukes 1970 Ukraine Slavutych(Chernobyl) 1988

  12. Magnitogorsk ●

  13. Bratsk, Russia

  14. Bratsk

  15. A little about Bratsk… • 1961: Built a hydroelectric dam (largest in the world) to attract and power industry • Bratsk Aluminum Smelter: largest producer of aluminum in the world • Consumes 75% of the power generated by the dam

  16. Lovely and Picturesque Bratsk… https://media.uwec.edu/VEMSWeb/VEMSHost.html?VBTemplate=Templates/VideoInfoTemplate.xml&contentID=854&shared=1

  17. Q: For Bratsk: EnvironmentorJobs?

  18. Aral Sea • Once the 4th largest inland body of water in the world. • Dams built for irrigation: Cotton • Sea reduced to ~25% of 1960 volume, 4x salinity, fish were nearly wiped out • As lake dries up, pollutants on seabed become airborne as dust, causing significant local health problems. • Still extremely polluted today, but progress being made

  19. The Shrinking Aral Sea Rivers diverted for irrigation A once prosperous fishing port (note the fish on the sign) is now 40miles from the shoreline.

  20. The Aral Sea in 1992 50 miles Old Shoreline

  21. Sailing the Aral Sea…

  22. Top 10 Most Polluted Places on Earth • Chernobyl, Ukraine • Dzerzhinsk, Russia • Haina, Dominican Republic • Kabwe, Zambia • La Oroya, Peru • Linfen, China • Maiuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan • Norilsk, Russia • Ranipet, India • Rudnaya Pristan / Dalnegorsk, Russia (Blacksmith Institute, 2007)

  23. 1986: Chernobyl (USSR) • Worst nuclear disaster in history (minus WWII) • Legacy still very much alive • Birth defects, shorter lives, environmental contamination • Still radioactive • Who’s responsible: then…and now?

  24. Average Life Expectancy

  25. Thoughts on Russia… • Was Stalinization worth it for the USSR? • If not, then they would be better off without industrialization? • If so, why not do it again to provide jobs for everyone since the poverty rates of many former Communist countries are so high?

  26. Who is Industrializing in Similar Way, Today? China

  27. The polluters… COUNTRY Global % Ton CO2 pc Pop % • China24.7% 6.20 18.6% • U.S. 16.2% 17.56 4.3% • E.U. 11.0% 7.45 7.0% • India 6.0% 1.67 16.9% • Russia5.1% 12.26 1.9% • Brazil 4.2% 2.15 2.8% • Japan3.5% 9.19 1.7% • South Korea 1.7% 11.49 0.7% • Canada1.5% 14.68 0.5% • Saudi Arabia 1.4% 17.04 0.4% Source: World Bank, 2012

  28. Global CO2 Emissions

  29. Global CO2 Emissionsper capita

  30. Kyoto Protocol • First adopted in 1997 • Goal: A set of global standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions over time • Every country supports it…minus 4: Andorra, South Sudan, U.S., Canada • Ended in 2012 • Doha Amendment: Europe wants to reduce their emissions even further • Still a work-in-progress

  31. Who Ratified it? And Who Didn’t?

  32. November, 2013:United Nations Climate Change Conference • Held in Warsaw, Poland • Includes both Global North and South countries • No more than 2°C increase • $ and technology for poor countries who feel effects of climate change more than Global North • Walkout of 132 countries of Global South protesting losses and damage caused by Global North • Global North must reduce emissions by 2015

  33. Will the Core Countries Change? Top 10 Companies in the United States by Revenue (2012) • Should they change? • And who would bring about this change? • What is (y)our role in this situation? http://www.bloomberg.com/visual-data/best-and-worst//top-20-by-revenue-in-u-dot-s-companies

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