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434 TH FA BDE ROE/ EOF. OVERVIEW. •. Definitions. •. Law of War. •. Rules for Use of Force. •. Escalation of force. •. Crowds. •. Detainees. •. Escalation of Force Vignettes. DEFINITIONS. •. HOSTILE FORCES. –. You may engage. persons who commit hostile acts or show.
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OVERVIEW • Definitions • Law of War • Rules for Use of Force • Escalation of force • Crowds • Detainees • Escalation of Force Vignettes
DEFINITIONS • HOSTILE FORCES – You may engage persons who commit hostile acts or show hostile intent with the minimum force necessary to counter the hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent and to protect US Forces
DEFINITIONS • HOSTILE ACT - An attack or other use of force against US Forces or a use of force that directly precludes/impedes the mission/duties of US Forces. • HOSTILE INTENT – The threat of imminent use of force against US Forces or the threat of force to preclude/impede the mission/duties of US Forces.
LAW OF WAR vs. RULES OF ENGAGEMENT • LAW OF WAR - General legal obligations or requirements for all military operations worldwide. • RULES OF ENGAGEMENT - Mission - specific orders that ensure compliance with the Law of War and provides a framework for achieving national policy goals.
LAW OF WAR • You may use force, up to and including deadly force, against hostile actors – Positive Identification is required • Do not target or strike – Civilians – Hospitals, mosques, churches, shrines, schools, museums, national monuments, and any other historical and cultural sites. • Do not engage anyone who has surrendered or is out of the battle due to sickness or wounds – Secure the site, render medical aid, prioritize treatment based on injuries, do not distinguish based on nationality, enemy, soldier, or civilian.
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT Task: Employ Rules Of Engagement (ROE) Conditions: Soldiers will be required to understand their tactical authority and obligation to protect the force. Standards: Soldiers will be able to delineate the circumstances and limitations under which the United States forces initiate or continue combat engagement with hostile forces.
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT “ Nothing in these rules limits your inherent authority and obligation to take all necessary and appropriate action to defend yourself, your unit, and other US Forces. ”
ESCALATION OF FORCE • EOF is defined as sequential actions which begin with non - lethal force measures and graduate to lethal measures to include warning, disabling, or deadly shots in order to defeat a threat and protect the force. • Defensive actions are defined as EOF procedures that terminate with successful employment of non - lethal means (hand/arm signals, colored flags, spot - lights, pyrotechnics, or any other available resource). • An EOF incident is defined as the employment of lethal force that results in weapons discharge, where the purpose or intent of the weapons discharge was to warn or employ in self - defense of an individual or unit.
ESCALATION OF FORCE KEY CONCEPTS • EOF is part of the planning process and must be rehearsed prior to conduct of operations. • Unnecessary use of force can cause the perception of indiscriminate killing, causing unnecessary casualties and collateral damage, works against the goals of geo-political leadership and increases burdens on the unit in the form of morale, psychological and political attention.
ESCALATION OF FORCE SHOUT • : Verbal warning to STOP or “ awgaf ” . Horn, Air horn, Loudspeaker, Flash/Bang device, Siren. • SHOW : Your weapon and demonstrate intent to use it. • SHOVE : Physically restrain, block access or detain. Use lights, laser pointers, flares, colored flags, signs SHOOT • : Warning, Disabling, Deadly
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT Rules of Use of Force • In self defense ; • In defense of your unit , or other US Forces ; • To prevent the theft, damage, or destruction of firearms, ammunition, explosives, or property designated by your commander as vital to national security (protect other property with less than deadly force).
IF YOU MUST FIRE: • Fire warning shots when necessary, aimed shots in vicinity of threat • Disabling shots (tires, engine block, windows) • Fire no more rounds than necessary. • Fire with due regard for the safety of innocent bystanders. • Take reasonable efforts not to destroy property. • Stop firing as soon as the situation permits.
CROWDS • Control civilian crowds, mobs, or rioters interfering with US Forces with the minimum necessary force. • Repeat warnings to STOP or “ awgaf ” . • Show of force, including riot control formation. • Block access.
DETAINEES • You may stop, detain, search, and disarm persons as required to protect US Forces. • Detainees will be turned over to the Military Police or Iraqi Police ASAP. • Treat all persons with respect and dignity.
SITUATION 1 • You and your squad are providing route security. You see a boy with an AK - 47 standing beside the road. The boy is aiming the rifle directly at you. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • Shoot to kill the boy with aimed shots. He is a legitimate military target since he has committed a hostile act that places you in immediate danger. You may use necessary force, to include deadly force, in self - defense. Report to HQ.
SITUATION 2 • After your HMWVV passes under a pedestrian overpass, you see a man throw a grenade at the HMWVV behind you. The man takes off running. It appears he is heading toward a nearby neighborhood. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • Shoot to kill. The man has committed a hostile act. Deadly force is authorized to protect yourself and other soldiers. Fire aimed shots, and only the amount of rounds necessary to remove the threat. Avoid collateral damage to the nearby neighborhood, and report to HQ.
SITUATION 3 • You are traveling in a convoy when an RPG hits the lead vehicle. About 100m away, you see a man running for cover. He is carrying what appears to be an RPG launcher. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • Shoot to kill. The man has committed a hostile act. Necessary force, including deadly force, is authorized to remove an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury. Move the convoy out of the kill zone. Render first aid as necessary. Report to HQ.
SITUATION 4 • Your squad is providing security for a halted convoy at a rally point. A vehicle stops about 50m away. Two young men rush toward the convoy formation; one has an AK - 47 pointed at the convoy. It appears the men are trying to take the supplies. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • The men have shown hostile intent by threatening immediate use of a weapon. You may use necessary force, including deadly force, to remove the threat. Avoid collateral damage to innocent civilians and property. Report to HQ.
SITUATION 5 • You and your squad are escorting a convoy of humanitarian aid when you see a suspicious vehicle on the west side of the road. • As you approach the vehicle, you see two males throw two AK 47s into the vehicle’ s trunk and drive away. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • Do not fire. Although the ROE would allow you to use non lethal force to detain the men, you should not abandon your primary mission to provide convoy security. Record details about the incident and report to HQ.
SITUATION 6 • You and your squad are escorting a convoy down a crowded street. You see a person throwing small rocks at the vehicle in front of you. The gunner is hit by a small rock. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • Do not use deadly force since it is disproportionate to the threat (small rocks). If the convoy is moving, direct the gunner down into the vehicle and drive quickly out of the area. However, if the convoy is stationary, pull security and attempt to detain the individual using non - deadly force.
SITUATION 7 • You are a TC. As your HMMWV travels up the MSR, you see a man with an RPG slung over his shoulder. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • You should initially train your weapon on the man and shout, “ STOP ” or “ awgaf ” . Be prepared to use deadly force if the man commits a hostile act or displays hostile intent. Detain the man and seize the RPG. Report incident to HQ.
SITUATION 8 • You are a manning a traffic control point . A truck Speeds towards you not heeding signs or signals to stop. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • You should initially train your weapon on the truck and shout, “ STOP ” or “ awgaf ” . Be prepared to fire debilitating shots to the vehicle or use deadly force against the driver if the vehicle still refuses to halt. If you can detain the driver for questioning.
SITUATION 9 • You are manning an entry control point at a FOB. An interpreter, familiar to you refuses to allow you to search him. What will the ROE allow you to do? RESPONSE • You should physically search, restrain and detain the man and turn him in for questioning. If the the man fights you may use enough force to detain him or protect yourself.
SITUATION 10 • You have been tasked to clear some media from the area that you are operating in. They have valid press passes but are becoming angry your squad and one man pulls a pistol on you. What is your response? • RESPONSE The men have shown hostile intent by threatening immediate use of a weapon. You may use necessary force, including deadly force, to remove the threat. Avoid collateral damage to innocent civilians and property. Report to HQ.
SITUATION 11 • You are traveling in a convoy when a vehicle containing four military aged males is traveling alongside your vehicle and it’s occupants are taunting you. You notice a weapon inside the vehicle. What is your response? • RESPONSE Demonstrate the capability to use lethal force by displaying your weapon and pull the vehicle over. Follow the unit’s SOP and the ROE regarding armed civilians. Report to HQs. If the vehicle does not respond and or point their weapons, warning shots and deadly force is authorized.
