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Ethics and Values

Ethics and Values. in Public Policy. How Should We Decide?. Utilitarianism, deontology, casuistry Market, politics, experts. How Should We Decide?. Utilitarianism Deontology Casuistry. Utilitarianism . “Greatest good for the greatest number” “Maximize social efficiency”

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Ethics and Values

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  1. Ethics and Values in Public Policy

  2. How Should We Decide? • Utilitarianism, deontology, casuistry • Market, politics, experts Mark Carl Rom

  3. How Should We Decide? • Utilitarianism • Deontology • Casuistry Mark Carl Rom

  4. Utilitarianism • “Greatest good for the greatest number” • “Maximize social efficiency” • “Greatest possible sum of benefits” • Cost benefit analysis • Critique? Mark Carl Rom

  5. Deontology • The “categorical imperative” (Kant) • “One should act only on maxims that can be universalized as principles of law without producing a situation that would frustrate the end to which they aim” • “Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means” Mark Carl Rom

  6. Casuistry • Pragmatism • Works with socially-agreed up on values • Links specific actions and moral principles • Human perceptiveness and discernment • Mediates between competing values and accepts tradeoffs Mark Carl Rom

  7. Casuistry • Example: The First Amendment “Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech”… • Exceptions? Mark Carl Rom

  8. Policy Analysis • What do policy analysts actually do? • Criteria-Alternatives matrix (CAM) • Cost-Benefit analysis • Decision-Tree analysis Mark Carl Rom

  9. Criteria-Alternatives Matrix • Specify policy options • Specify criteria for evaluation • Select weights for criteria • Score each option on each criterion • Multiply, sum, and compare options: select the highest score Mark Carl Rom

  10. Criteria-Alternatives Matrix Mark Carl Rom

  11. Criteria-Alternatives Matrix Mark Carl Rom

  12. Criteria-Alternatives Matrix Mark Carl Rom

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