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Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________ New Lignin Generation through Biorefineries

Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________ New Lignin Generation through Biorefineries. New Biomass Valorizations. Roughly nowadays, the pathway : Extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses Valorization of cellulose as is (such as fibers for paper paste)

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Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________ New Lignin Generation through Biorefineries

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  1. Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________New Lignin Generation through Biorefineries

  2. New Biomass Valorizations • Roughly nowadays, the pathway : • Extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses • Valorization of cellulose as is (such as fibers for paper paste) • Polysaccharides hydrolysis to hexoses and pentoses • Green chemistry on sugars, or fermentation of sugars to bioethanol • Valorization of by products : waxs, proteins, terpenes, talloil, etc... •  Fate of LIGNIN? LIG2G Seminar

  3. Bioefinery . Glucose Cellulose Hours Annual or pluriannual biomass, by-products Cooler Chemistry Polymers Nutrition Propanediol Succinic ac. Lactic ac. Amino ac. Lignin Hemicelluloses Cellulose Cellulosic paste for paper ..... Fermentation Biothanol Enzymes : cellulases Glucose Grinding Biofuel . . Insolubles . . . . Time . . . . . . . . Pretreatement . . . . Press Decantor Filter Heat Chemicals Enzymes Lignin Solubles Lignin Surfactants Polyalcohol Furfural Chemistry Pentoses LIG2G Seminar

  4. Raw Materials Sourcing LIG2G Seminar

  5. Biorefinery processes • Specifications needed : • Preservation of cellulose • Low degradation of pentoses • And then, what about « residues » LIG2G Seminar

  6. Cellulose Pretreatment for EtOH • Targets : • reducing crystallinity • increasing digestibility • washing of hemicellulose and lignin • Means : • -acidic or alkalin impregnation • -thermal and mechanical treatment • -enzymes for hemicellulose hydrolysis • Results : • -90 to 95% cellulose recovery • -85 to 95% cellulose digestibility • -75 to 95% pentoses recovery • -how lignin looks like? how knows? Steam explosion New smooth processes LIG2G Seminar

  7. Cellulose recovery for paper Existing processes (Kraft, bisulfite) do not preserve lignin. New processes (Organoslv, CIMV) help to recover less modified lignin. For example, CIMV, using acetic and formic acid at low temperature. Lignin is still the last by-product, after cellulose and hemicellulose A big issue for lignin : separation and purification processes adapted to several kinds of lignin. LIG2G Seminar

  8. New lignin recovery Washing Screening Liquid/solid Separation Drying? LIG2G Seminar

  9. Biorefinery :an opportunity for lignin • An example : • A bioethanol cellulosic plant : reliable with 175000 To of Ethanol • Input : 1million To of biomass; Output : 250000 Tonnes of « lignin » • Biorefinery : • has to crack the whole plant • has to be flexible to switch to other raw materials • has to valorize each fraction in accordance with market price variation •  LIGNIN is a part of the system, such as the 2 others polymers. LIG2G Seminar

  10. Fates of lignin • The big issue with lignin are : • there is one cellulose, some hemicellulose and a world of lignin • lignin are derived from processes driven by polysaccharides • remaining lignin is not alone : what about purity and extraction? • biorefinery are mostly aqueous processes, not compatible with lignin • To summarize, lignin is the last stream to be valorized. • Last, but not least, lignin could be also : • an interesting guinea-pig for chemist • - a biocombustible for heat and power generation in biorefinery • a load for feed / concrete / boards,.... • but probably the most promising building block for aromatic chemistry LIG2G Seminar

  11. Conclusion - Outlook • Until proof-of-principle of reasonable valorization of lignin, poor adaptation of processes for cellulose and hemicellulose will be implemented in biorefinery to preserve lignin. • But biorefinery is probably the best area to promote and succeed in a new lignin chemistry. • We have to bring economical, technical, environnemental evidences of interest of lignin to guide choices : • process • purification • properties • price LIG2G Seminar

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