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ADOLESCENT HEALTH. A.A.TRIVEDI. Introduction. WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE : The World Health Organization defines adolescence in terms of age between 10 to 19 years. Adolescence is a phase of life during which individuals reach sexual maturity;
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ADOLESCENT HEALTH A.A.TRIVEDI
Introduction WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE : • The World Health Organization defines adolescence in terms of age between 10 to 19 years. • Adolescence is a phase of life during which individuals reach sexual maturity; • It is the period of transition from puberty to maturity • The 10-19 age group identifies the period of adolescence.
Changes during adolescent period • Rapid physical growth and development. • Physical, social and psychological maturity • Sexual maturity and the onset of sexual activity; • Experimentation; • Development of adult mental processes and adult identity and • Transition from total socio-economic dependence to relative independence. • Stage of life in which individuals establish their own identities and prepare to become adults.
Statistics • Of the world’s 6.1 billion population in 2000, over one billion people (19.1 per cent) belonged to the 10-19 age group. • One third of India’s population falls in 10-19 yrs group. • Gujarat with 5 crore population has about 1 crore adolescents in the state
Why adolescent health needs • Adolescents are an in-between group, with some problem commonalties with children, and with adults. • They are relatively healthy compared to other lifecycle groups with similar morbidity and mortality as adults • Their needs are Unique and invisible
However this group passes through very important phase of life and very fast growing phase of life. • Consequences of the effects on adolescent growth are far reaching and affects the whole generation..
Gender effects in adolescent period • For boys, adolescence can be a time for expanded participation in community and public life. • Girls, however, may experience more restrictions, with limited freedom of mobility • In addition, pressures derived from traditional gender roles as a mother and wife restrict girls’ future. • Boys also face societal and peer pressures, • encouraged to be risk-takers and • to demonstrate their manhood through aggressive behavior, thereby putting themselves and others in unsafe situations.
Issues • Puberty • Menarche • Sexuality • RTIs/ STIs • HIV/AIDS • Contraception • Reproductive & Sexual Health • Early Marriage & Early Pregnancy • Personality Building • Growth & Development • Education & Career Opportunities • Access to Adequate & Appropriate Information
Issues • Today, adolescents, and adolescent girls in particular, are the age group among whom HIV infection is most rapidly spreading. • Every year millions of young girls face unwanted and early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). • All over the world, majority of adolescents, married and unmarried, in school and out of school, lack access to sexual and reproductive health information, education, and services.
Overview of Situation of Adolescents • A quarter of Indian women are married by 15 years • 19% of TFR is contributed by 15-19 years • High obstetric complications and deaths of teenage mothers • Unmet need for contraception among married adolescents is 27% • Half of new HIV infections is in 10-25 years • Most drug users are below 20 years
Awareness regarding reproductive system and Contraception (N=745)
Menstrual Disorders (N =725) * MULTIPLE RESPONSES WERE ALLOWED
Demand for HIV-AIDS education • 66 % GIRLS DEMANDED FOR HIV-AIDS EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOL.
Fear* N=1440 % Parents Exams No Fears Gods curse Teachers Animals 307 255 206 156 119 103 21.3 17.7 14.3 10.8 8.3 7.2 What Young People have to say?Self revelation of fears * multiple responses
Age Wise Fear of Parents Among Adolescent Boys and Girls Difference is statistically highly significant
Perceptions of the adolescents regarding their height and weight with the BMI grades Percentiles: < 5th=Below Normal , 5th – 85th:Normal and >85th=Above Normal
Lessons Learnt • • Adolescents have large number of questions • and issues for which they do not have places • to approach and AFC is one the best option • • Majority of the needs are better addressed in • school and group environment • • Body Image, • School performance, • Reproductive Issues, • Emotional turmoil and • Career Guidance are forefront issues
School based services are so much more in demand • Clinic based services are rarely utilized. • Teachers (and Parents) training is as much important as the adolescents counseling to address the issues of adolescents…
Gujarat AFHS Strategy • A state wide Adolescent Friendly Health • Services (AFHS) Strategy has been approved. • This has been incorporated in State RCH2 • UNFPA has provided technical assistance for this purpose. • Focus is on making PHCs and CHCs adolescent friendly through interventions such as: • Training of service providers, • Counselling,
In Order to Conclude…….. • Adolescent Health and Development • Step Towards – • Better Adolescence • Responsible Adulthood • Reduce MMR and IMR • Reduce HIV/ AIDS Infection
