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Hispanic Civil Rights and Land Grants in NM

Hispanic Civil Rights and Land Grants in NM . A Hispanic Civil Rights movement started in NM during the 1960’s. Largely based on Spanish language rights, and Land Grants. WHAT ARE LAND GRANTS?

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Hispanic Civil Rights and Land Grants in NM

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  1. Hispanic Civil Rights and Land Grants in NM • A Hispanic Civil Rights movement started in NM during the 1960’s. • Largely based on Spanish language rights, and Land Grants. • WHAT ARE LAND GRANTS? • Ceasar Chavez and Dolores Huerta worked together to create the United Farm Workers Association in 1962. This was a group that worked to improve working conditions, wages, and housing for migrant workers.

  2. Reises Lopez Tijerina • Inspired by Cesar Chaves’s movement, Reises Lopez Tijerinacame up with the idea to create a group that would work to reclaim Hispanic Land Grants that were lost even though the Protocol of Querataro(Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) promised to protect the land grants. • Tijerina created La Alianza Federal de Mercedes (The Federal Alliance of Land Grants) to protest against the State government, in an attempt to get them to recognize Historical Land Grant claims.

  3. Tierra Amarilla Courthouse Raid • Tijerina’sprotests turned violent when he and 19 followers raided the Courthouse in the Tierra Amarilla Land Grant to search for the Rio Arriba County district attorney, Alfonso Sanchez, and make a citizen’s arrest. During the raid, two police officers were shot and Sanchez was not arrested. • A large manhunt for Tijerina ensued, and he was eventually sentenced to two years in prison. • The FALG collapsed and no land grants were reclaimed.

  4. Chapter 9 Current Issues in NM

  5. Major Current Issues in NM • DWI • Water Rights/Usage • Endangered Species • Mexican Immigration • English Only • Urbanization • Tribal Gaming and Casinos (College Success) • Public Art and Monuments

  6. Issue #1- DWI • An average of 200 men, women, and children/year have been killed as a result of DWI accidents in NM (according to a 1996-2005 study) • Descansos- roadside crosses to mark DWI accident victims • Melanie Cravens and Her Daughters- her and 2 young daughters were killed by Gordon House in 1992 (Husband, Paul Cravens, survived) • DWI=Leading cause of injury and death for New Mexicans between the ages of 1 and 44 • Paul Gonzales Family (2006)- family of 5 killed by Dana Papstnear Santa Fe

  7. Ideas to Stop the Tragedies • Advertising (Billboards, commercials, etc.) • Alcohol counseling (AA) • Stopping teen alcohol use (teens that use alcohol are 5 times more likely to become an alcoholic as an adult) • Suspend Driver’s license • Interlocks • #DWI • DWI Checkpoints • Superblitz • Newspaper Photos • MADD • Selling alcohol to intoxicated people illegal

  8. Issue #2- Endangered Species • Consequence for killing an Endangered Species ($5000 fine and 6 months in jail) • Falcons • Otters • Silvery minnows • Spotted Owls • Mexican Gray Wolf

  9. Issue #3- Native American Gaming • 1983 Isleta Pueblo opened the first gaming casino in New Mexico (start as Bingo Halls) • A percentage of all gaming profits go to the State. • As of 2004, 15 Native American casinos were created in NM. • Indian Reorganization Act made casinos possible for Natives

  10. Casinos and Lottery • Positives • Economic opportunities for all • Average of $54 million/year to the state • Helps pay for Public Schools • Lottery Scholarship for all in state students • Tourist attraction • Negatives • Jobs created are low paying jobs • Gambling addiction (108,000 New Mexicans are compulsive gamblers) • Addiction tears families apart

  11. Issue #4- Mexican Immigration • Mexico, generally, is a poor nation. • Immigration to USA= chance for a better life. • Most immigrants are male who work enough to send money back to their families in Mexico (hope their families can join them in US). • Immigrants are welcomed in times of labor shortages, and not welcome when jobs are not plentiful • As of 2005, 65,000 illegal immigrants lived in NM and as many as 12 million throughout the US

  12. Immigration continued • Case for Restriction: • Many are used as Illegal drug “mules” ($122 million worth of narcotics were confiscated from aliens in 2004) • Illegal Immigrants use tax payer money when they use public health care system • Illegal Immigrants use tax payer money when they send their children to public schools (children born in the US become naturalized citizens) • Roughly 6,000 students in APS come from illegal families • Illegal Immigrants accept low wages that drive down wages for US citizens.

  13. Immigration continued • Case Against Restriction: • Border control cost is too high (Billions spent to protect the border) • Immigrants work the jobs that nobody wants to work. • Albuquerque Journal reports that 72% of New Mexicans support illegal immigrants receiving medical care, and 54% support them attending public schools. • Immigrants pay taxes and pay into social security (even though they can not collect social security)

  14. Issue #5- Speaking Spanish (English Only) • Should English be the only language spoken in NM? Is it ok to speak Spanish or Native languages in public? • The Case for English Only: • If you want a good job in the US it is important to speak English fluently • Bilingual Education will prevent people from learning English quickly • Need to know English to contribute to the political process

  15. English Only Cont. • Case Against English Only: • Right to free speech • Iron Clad Clauses of NM constitution • Being bilingual provides more employment opportunities • Cultural diversity is important, and it helps people understand other cultures beyond their own.

  16. Issue #6- Public Art (paid for by taxes) • Case for Public Art • Enhances beauty and encourages tourism • Helps preserve and maintain our historical culture • Public art is an expression of Free Speech • Case Against Public Art • Tax money should be spent on schools and health care • Art can potentially be insulting to different cultures • Don Juan de Onate’s foot

  17. Issue #7- Urbanization • Rapid Modernization Positives • New Parks, sewers, roads, power systems etc… • New systems: education, medical/health care, law enforcement, public transportation, etc… • New businesses that bring affordable prices • Technology creates more job opportunities (Intel and story of Bill Gates) • Rapid Modernization Negatives • Threatens small town lifestyles • Affects cultural traditions (Volcano Vista) • Modernization increases cost of living

  18. Issue #8- Water Rights and Usage • “La Aqua es la Vida”- Water is life • Drought and desert landscape causes Water to be the most pressing issue in New Mexico today • Our largest water resource comes from Aquifers (underground water) • Water Restrictions- Example of watering rules in Albuquerque. And different conservation programs

  19. Water • Texas has water claims from Rio Grande and Pecos Rivers • Elephant Butte Resevioris low because of this. • We rely on snow runoff from the Mountains in Colorado and Northern NM.

  20. Others to Add to Our List?

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