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1914-1918: The World at War

1914-1918: The World at War. Causes of the War. M.A.I.N. M ilitarism= the development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy A lliance System= countries form alliances with one another

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1914-1918: The World at War

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  1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

  2. Causesof theWar

  3. M.A.I.N Militarism= the development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy Alliance System= countries form alliances with one another to help provide international security Imperialism= building of empires by extending their economic & political control over various peoples around the world Nationalism= the devotion to the interests & culture of one’s nation

  4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  5. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  7. Europe in 1914

  8. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

  10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

  11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

  12. The“Spark”

  13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family Heir to the Austrian throne

  14. The Assassination: Sarajevo June 1914 shot and killed while visiting Bosnian capital Sarajevo

  15. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip (Serbian nationalist)

  16. Who’s To Blame?

  17. The Schlieffen Plan • Germany invades Belgium Aug. 3, 1914 • Invade Belgium, then onto Paris, France, then Russia

  18. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

  19. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

  20. A Multi-Front War

  21. The Western Front

  22. Trench Warfare

  23. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  24. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

  25. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

  26. War IsHELL !!

  27. Sacrifices in War

  28. AmericaJoinstheAllies

  29. Americans are Divided Socialists- criticize war as capitalist & imperialist Pacifists- belief that war was evil & America needs to set an example of peace to rest of world Home Country Ties- many sympathized with the country in which they had emigrated from Economic Ties- most tied to Allied Powers, less to Germany Outcome: Remain NEUTRAL

  30. War Hits Home • British blockade German coast • German U-Boats counter-blockade • Outcome: American ships & civilians caught in middle May 1915 British liner Lusitania sunk (128 Americans die) August 1915 British liner Arabic sunk (2 American die) March 1916 French liner Sussex sunk (5 Americans die)

  31. War is inevitable……. • Woodrow Wilson is re-elected in 1916 • January 1917 calls for “a peace without vicotory…..a peace between equals” • Germany ignores Wilson’s call for peace • January 31…. Kaiser Wilhelm declares Germany will resume “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” in British waters

  32. The Zimmerman Telegram • German foreign minister • sends telegram to • German ambassador in • Mexico • Suggested Mexico • declare war with U.S. • and Germany would • support them in alliance

  33. The YanksAre Coming! April 1917

  34. Americans in the Trenches

  35. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology

  36. French Renault Tank

  37. British Tank at Ypres

  38. U-Boats

  39. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

  40. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

  41. The Flying Aces of World War I FrancescoBarraco, It. Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br. Eddie Rickenbacher, US Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.[The “RedBaron”] Rene PaukFonck, Fr. Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

  42. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

  43. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

  44. The Zeppelin

  45. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

  46. Poison Gas Machine Gun

  47. “Art”ofWorldWar I

  48. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

  49. 9,000,000Dead

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