What type of governments were established in all 13 colonies? (Review Question)

1. Bell Quiz: Use Pages 46-49 (Use a full sheet of paper today)RemiNDER: Cell phones off and stored in your pocket or backpack! • What type of governments were established in all 13 colonies? (Review Question) • Who was the King of England at the time of the revolution? • How did the Sugar Act cause tension between the colonists and England? • How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts? • What do you think King George set out to achieve when he disciplined Massachusetts with the Intolerable Acts?

2. Bell Quiz Answers • Self-Government • King George III (3rd) • Colonists believed the Sugar Act would reduce their profits and these taxes were implemented without their consent (approval). Remember: The colonists believe they are self-governed. • Colonists protested, adopted resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act, and boycotted buying British goods. • King George wanted to isolate and punish Massachusetts (they are a bunch of rebels) in the hope that the colony would become more obedient. Also wanted to keep the conflict from spreading.

3. Today’s Objectives The Student Will… • explain the causes and effects of the American Revolution • examine how the Declaration of Independence became the foundation for extending civil liberties to all people

4. Video America The Story of US Assignment: Write down 20 Notes from the video. Put them on the back of your bell quiz.

5. Read Break-Up Letter

6. Colonists • The founders of these settlements hoped to make a large profit. • Those colonists who actually settled in North America came for other reasons. • Colonists came to find greater political and religious freedom, or better lives for their families. • The English also brought Slavery to their colonies. • Slavery was most common in the southern colonies and in the Caribbean. • Most of England’s colonies were self-governed and had some form of representative assembly (Royal Colonies). • Official control remained with the English monarchy. • Salutary Neglect was practiced in the colonies= From 1607-1763 Britain refused to enforce trade laws or laws of parliament.

7. Mercantilism • Under the policy of mercantilism, colonies existed for the economic benefit of the home country. • In the 1650s Parliament began to pass laws to enforce this policy. • Required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain. • Discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods. • Colonists resented the British trade regulation, and found way to evade the laws.

8. Increased Imperial Control • The war with France left Britain with a huge debt. • Britain expected the colonists to pay off the debt. • Britain started imposing increased taxes on the colonies • The Sugar Act of 1764 • The Stamp Act • Colonists argued against the taxes because they had no representation in British Parliament. • “No taxation without representation”. • Salutary Neglect was practiced in the colonies= From 1607-1763 Britain refused to enforce trade laws or laws of parliament. • The American colonies refused to obey the laws/acts of Britain or pay their taxes.

9. The American Revolution • July 4, 1776 the colonists met in the 2nd Continental Congress and adopted the Declaration of Independence, establishing the United States of America. • George Washington was the commander of the American forces. • Most of the Fighting took place between 1776 and 1781. • In 1783 the British and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris. • The Americans had won independence and a territory much larger than the original 13 colonies.

10. 4 Themes of Declaration of Independence • Social Contract • Right to revolution. • Popular Sovereignty • Natural Rights

11. Thomas Hobbes • Thomas Hobbes: Outlined his political philosophy in the book Leviathan. • Hobbes believed that people chose a leader to rule them to avoid chaos. • People made an unwritten SOCIAL CONTRACT that gave leaders absolute power. • People give up their individual liberties for group safety and social order. • POPULR SOVEREIGNTY: the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the people. • People had to obey the ruler no matter what, or else their natural selfishness would result in disaster and chaos for everyone.

12. John Locke: 1632-1704 • John Locke disagreed with Hobbes. • Locke stated his ideas in his writings the “Two Treaties of Government”. • Locke agreed that people enter into a social contract with the government. • Individuals had the NATURAL RIGHT to life, liberty, and property. • Locke argued that these individual rights were superior to laws of the government. • Rulers that violated these rights violated natural laws and broke the social contract. • Locke stated that Governments existed for the sole purpose of protecting individual rights. • People had the right to change their government (REVOLT) if it became oppressive.

13. Baron de Montesquieu: 1748 • Believed in checks and balances within government between executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch.

14. Voltaire • “I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” • Supported religious freedom and freedom of speech.

15. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1762 • The SOCIAL CONTRACT: • People are naturally good but environment, education ,and laws corrupt them. • People can preserve their innocence if they choose their own government. • Opposed a strong government because he felt it brought corruption and misery.

16. Governing the New Nation • The first plan of government in the United States was the Articles of Confederation (1781). • The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak to effectively run the country. • September 1787 the United States Constitution is ratified, and went into affect 1789. • This new federal governments was divided into three branches. • The Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. • Each branch acts as a check on the power of the other branches. • 1791, The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments) were added to the Constitution in an effort to protect the rights of individuals.

17. Homework Assignment: Due Thursday (A Day), Friday (B Day) Use your textbooks and your technology to… • Define the following terms: Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review, and Federalism. • Explain why the Founding Fathers of the U.S. Built our government upon that principle. • Explain how it is used or give an example of how it has been used.