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Novel Probes for Fermionic Gases

Novel Probes for Fermionic Gases. J. Meineke, T. Müller, B. Zimmermann, D. Stadler J.-P. Brantut, H. Moritz, T. Esslinger ETH Zürich. Experimental setup. Microscope objectives. 6 Li atoms. Microscope setup. Microscope setup. High-resolution imaging system:

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Novel Probes for Fermionic Gases

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  1. Novel Probes for Fermionic Gases J. Meineke, T. Müller, B. Zimmermann, D. Stadler J.-P. Brantut, H. Moritz, T. Esslinger ETH Zürich

  2. Experimental setup Microscope objectives 6Li atoms

  3. Microscope setup

  4. Microscope setup • High-resolution imaging system: • resolution: 660nm (FWHM) for =671nm • NA = 0.53, magnification factor: 54

  5. Microscopic manipulation flexible micro-tweezers

  6. Atoms in micro-traps Square lattice Ring lattice a=2.5 mm  6.9 mm B. Zimmermann, T. Müller, J. Meineke, T. Esslinger, H. Moritz, New Journal of Physics 13, 043007 (2011)

  7. Imaging through the microscope high resolution imaging “standard” imaging 20μm 500mm • Information on • correlations, quantum statistics? • temperature, susceptibilities? • entanglement?

  8. Microscopic probing … … of in-situ density fluctuations

  9. Quantum statistics and fluctuations thermal quantum degenerate probe volume Suppressed density fluctuations in a degenerate Fermi gas due to Pauli principle! thermal higher order quantum correction For 1D Bose gases: J. Esteve et al., PRL 96,130403 (2006) & J. Armijo et al., PRL 105, 230402 (2010) For 2D Bose gases: C.-L. Hung, X. Zhang, Na. Gemelke, C. Chin, Nature 470, 236 (2011)

  10. Measurement of density fluctuations different realizations absorption imaging • Calculate mean and variance over many realizations • Account for photon shot noise and imaging effects Fluctuation in gas on a pixel Effect of imaging resolution

  11. Manifestation of antibunching Indication for the level of local quantum degeneracy Our work at ETH Zürich: PRL 105, 040401 (2010) Similar work at MIT in TOF: PRL 105, 040402 (2010)

  12. Thermodynamic properties local density approximation Compressibility κ Fluctuation-dissipation theorem: density fluctuations model independent measurement of temperature Q. Zhou and T. L. Ho, arXiv: 0908.3015, to appear in PRL; κin SF-MI: N. Gemelke, X. Zhang, C.-L. Hung, C. Chin, Nature 460, 995 (2009).

  13. Fluctuation-based thermometry Temperature: Conventional Fluctuation-based degenerate 20530nK 14531nK thermal 1,6 0.2 K 1,1 0.06 K T. Müller , B. Zimmermann, J. Meineke, J.-P. Brantut, T. Esslinger, H. Moritz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 040401 (2010)

  14. Local Spin-Fluctuations Two-component quantum gas

  15. Atom-Light Interface Atoms Light Hammerer et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1041 (2010)

  16. Atom-Light Interface Bruun et al., PRL 102, 030401 (2009)

  17. Measuring Spin-Polarization

  18. Measuring Spin-Polarization Phase Spin-polarization Speckle: Sanner et al., PRL 106, 010402 (2011)

  19. The Interferometer

  20. The Interferometer

  21. Performance Single component: Phase-shift proportional to atomic density

  22. Performance Photon shot-noise limited

  23. Results

  24. Distribution of Spin-Polarization Weakly interacting gas

  25. Distribution of Spin-Polarization Weakly interacting gas

  26. Distribution of Spin-Polarization Weakly interacting gas

  27. Distribution of Spin-Polarization Strong repulsive interactions

  28. Suppression of Spin-Fluctuations 9.2dB • Relative suppression • Agrees with theory for noninteracting Fermions • Analogous to suppression of density-fluctutations due to antibunching

  29. Spin-Susceptibility spin-susceptibility Measurements of spin-susceptibility: Salomon, Zwierlein, Ketterle

  30. Spin-Susceptibility spin-susceptibility

  31. Entanglement

  32. Entanglement Wiesniak et al., NJP 7, 258 (2005); Toth et al., PRA 79, 042334 (2009)

  33. Entanglement Adm2 (μm-2) Wiesniak et al., NJP 7, 258 (2005); Toth et al., PRA 79, 042334 (2009)

  34. NovelProbes Microscopicaccess mesoscopic systems thermodynamic properties fluctuations correlations

  35. Teamwork Henning Moritz Jakob Meineke David Stadler Torben Müller Sebastian Krinner Jean-Philippe Brantut Tilman Esslinger

  36. Data Processing

  37. Novel Probes for Fermionic Gases J. Meineke, T. Müller, B. Zimmermann, D. Stadler J.-P. Brantut, H. Moritz, T. Esslinger ETH Zürich

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