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Volunteer Mechanism in Disaster Management and Initiative in Urban Resilience in Bangladesh. Background. Bangladesh is highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones and earthquakes.
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Volunteer Mechanism in Disaster Management and Initiative in Urban Resilience in Bangladesh
Background • Bangladesh is highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones and earthquakes. • With 7 million people living in Dhaka City, and 15 million people living in the wider metropolitan area, Dhaka is particularly at risk. • Hazards such as floods, fires, building collapses, or earthquakes present a formidable threat to life and prosperity (e.g. The Tazreen Fashion and Rana Plaza Tragedy, SIDR, AILA etc). • Dhaka is also vulnerable to seismic risk. The city and its inhabitants are poorly prepared to respond to a crisis on this scale within the metropolitan area. • Long-term development gains can be safeguarded from natural hazards by increasing urban resilience.
Background: Contd. • At the national level, MoDMR is the coordinating national agency for disaster risk and emergency management at a policy level. • MoDMR is mandated to coordinate with operational agencies at different levels. • Department of Disaster Management (DDM), coordinates national disaster management interventions across all agencies.
Volunteerism in Cyclone Preparedness Programme • Urban Resilience Programme
Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) Natural disaster is a common phenomenon for Bangladesh but it is more often in the 710 km long coastal region of the country. After the devastating cyclone of 1970 that perished half a million lives, the League of Red Cross, now the International Federation was requested by the UN general assembly to undertake a leading role in pre-disaster planning for the country. The Cyclone Preparedness Programme(CPP) of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) came into being in 1972.
CPP The Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) is a unique institutional arrangement for community preparedness created to mitigate the challenges of catastrophic cyclones that frequently hit Bangladesh’s coast. This is a joint program of the Government of Bangladesh and Bangladesh Red Crescent Society that provides a robust early warning system for the coastal population of 13 districts.
Activities The GOB of Bangladesh introduced its standing orders on Disaster which specify the functions of each concerned Government Ministry, Division, Department and Agency including the specific function of Cyclone Preparedness Programme(CPP). These standing orders lay down the various action to be taken at different stages by CPP.
Activities CPP ensures rapid dissemination of official Bangladesh Met Department cyclone warning signals to the communities. Once warned, CPP assists in sheltering, rescuing and offering immediate medical attention. CPP is heavily involved in post disaster recuperation and extensive rehabilitation operations.
Operational Method Collection of meteorological data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), which issues bulletins including the designated warning signals of an approaching cyclone. The bulletins are transmitted to the 6 zonal offices and the 30 upazilalevel offices(sub-district) over HF radio. The upazila office in turn, pass it to unions and lower level through VHF radios. The union team leaders then conduct the unit team leaders immediately.
Operational Method The unit team leaders with his volunteers spread out in the villages and disseminate cyclone warning signals almost door to door using megaphones, hand sirens and public address system.
Volunteers organization and their role CPP is organised in 40 upazilas (sub-district) in 350 unions (village level) divided into 3684 units. Each unit serves 1 or 2 villages with an approximately population of 2 to 3 thousand. 10 male and 5 female volunteers are recruited from the respective unit with popular support of the villagers.
Volunteers organization and their role In each unit the 10 male volunteers are divided into 5 groups, 3 in each, to discharge the following responsibilities. a) Warning b) Shelter c) Rescue d) First aid e) Food and clothing
Volunteers organization and their role The CPP has approximately 55260 volunteers (36840 male &18420 are female Vol) across 7 zones, 13 districts across Bangladesh
Public Awareness Public awareness is an integral and very important part of cyclone preparedness activities for its successful implementation. Keeping this in view, the CPP implements the following public awareness activities in various ways in the cyclone prone coastal areas:- a) Public awareness through volunteers. b) Cyclone drills and demonstration c) Film/ Video Shows/folk songs d) Publicity campaign e) Radio and Television f) Posters, leaflets and Booklets g) Staging of drama
Social welfare/other activities Other than the mandatory responsibilities, the volunteers are very much involved in performing social welfare activities by integrated themselves with local government administration, NGO’s, upazila disaster management committee, educational institutions, religious institutions, social club and other agencies in the event of road accident, fire, boat capsize, river erosion, epidemic etc. On those situations the volunteers stand besides the helpless people with sincerity and offers wholehearted cooperation. The community people have recognized the services rendered by the volunteers with satisfaction.
Objectives Establish the National Disaster Management Research and Training Institute (NDMRTI) to increase national capability of disaster management methods; Build national-level disaster risk management and emergency response capacity within the existing National Disaster Response Coordination Center (NDRCC); Emergency Response and Communication Center (EMCC) Enhance the emergency management and preparedness capacity of the national-level NDRCC (EMCC) and NDMRTI and the local-level City Corporations and FSCD in Dhaka and Sylhet through Training, Exercises and Drills (TED).
Rationale of the Project • This project seeks to create an enabling environment for coordinated, locally managed DRM. • There are three core pillars of disaster resilience in urban settings. These are i) effectively respond to urban disasters; ii) reinforce existing infrastructure; and iii) ensure resilient construction.
Components of the Project: Contd. • Component A: Reinforcing the Country’s Emergency Management Response Capacity (Implemented by DNCC and DDM); • The following activities will be implemented under five components of Component A: • Component A1: Renovate and Outfit National-Level Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Facilities.This component will be under the DPP of the Department of Disaster Management (DDM). • Component A2: Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation and Fire Service and Civil Defense (FSCD) DRM facilities in Dhaka and Sylhet. This component will be under the DPP of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). • Component A3: Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized ICT Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response Within the National-level and Local-Level Agencies. This component will be under the DPP of DNCC. • Component A4: Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM. This component will be under the DPP of DNCC. • Component A5: Provide Training, Exercises and Drills to National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM. This component will be under the DPP of DDM.
Components of the Project Component B: Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities (Implemented by RAJUK); The following activities will be implemented under two components of Component B: Component B1: Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines. Component B2: Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka.
Components of the Project • Component C: Improved Construction, Urban Planning, and Development (Implemented by RAJUK); • The following activities will be implemented under four components of Component C: • Component C1:Create and Operationalise an Urban Resilience Unit (URU) in RAJUK. • Component C2:Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting System. • Component C3:Set up a Professional Accreditation Programfor Engineers, Architects and Planners. • Component C4: Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction. Component D : Project Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation (Implemented by Planning Commission).
URP Project: DDM Part The URP will establish and operationalise National Disaster Response Coordination Center (NDRCC) (Emergency Management and Communication Center) andNational Disaster Management Research and Training Institute (NDMRTI). Currently, there is a NDRCC with limited capacity and no NDMRTI, which is mandated under the Disaster Management Act 2012. The NDRCC (EMCC) is to accomplish the following: Pre-Disaster: Establish, execute, and monitor a pre-disaster planning process for both national and local institutions to engage in pre-disaster planning. During Disaster: Serve as a central nerve facility for the National Government to gain and maintain situational awareness of any significant disaster, including alerts and warning. Post Disaster: Serve as a facility to coordinate national-level recovery efforts as well as to conduct after action reviews to adapt, modify and change legal and institutional arrangements, policies, plans etc.
URP Project: DDM Part The second intervention is to renovate and outfit the NDMTRI. The NDMTRI will be the preeminent disaster risk reduction and emergency management training center in the country. The NDMTRI will provide a number of key opportunities: a) both national-level and community-level training and awareness of hazards and risks; b) training for modern DRR strategies and emergency management systems; c) DRR and emergency management specific job function training and Incident Command System training; and d) International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) entry to advance training and certification. The INSARAG component will be operated and managed by members of FSCD.
