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What is Matter?

What is Matter?. Sequencing the content Challenges Assessment tasks. What is Matter?. Origins of atoms Particles in the nucleus Energy from the atom. Big Bang and Cosmology Radioactivity and Nuclear forces Hadrons and Leptons, Baryons and Mesons, Quarks Anti-matter Fission and Fusion

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What is Matter?

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  1. What is Matter? • Sequencing the content • Challenges • Assessment tasks

  2. What is Matter? Origins of atoms Particles in the nucleus Energy from the atom • Big Bang and Cosmology • Radioactivity and Nuclear forces • Hadrons and Leptons, Baryons and Mesons, Quarks • Anti-matter • Fission and Fusion • Binding energy and E = mc2 • Production of light How to group the content? In what order do you want to teach it?

  3. What is Matter? Different approaches are possible. History of Science view: • Radioactivity: decay, half life, nuclear transformations, decay series as well as b+and neutrino. • Fission and Fusion: Equations, Binding energy and E = mc2. • Discovery of extra particles: anti-particles, hadrons, then mesons and baryons leading to quarks.

  4. What is Matter? History of Science view ctd: • Cosmology: Big Bang theory including inflation, elementary particle formation, annihilation of anti-matter and matter, commencement of nuclear fusion, cessation of fusion and the formation of atoms. • Production of light: accelerating charges, synchrotron, energy level transition

  5. What is Matter? - Challenges Most of the new stuff!, however … It is mostly descriptive, so …. Treat it to your own comfort level, e.g. • Cover cosmology with a 50 min Brian Cox video, or • Applets from The Particle Adventure, CERN, …

  6. What is Matter? - New ConceptsNuclear Anti-matter: Introduce beta plus decay with beta minus decay. Neutrino: Introduce to explain energy discrepancy in beta decay. Forces: Strong and weak: depth? Muon, etc: Alpha spectra is discrete  internal nuclear structure  Yukawa model  discovery of muon, then p meson  even more particles. Quarks et al: Explains observed particles

  7. Matter Leptons Quarks Mesons Baryons Nuclei Atoms Hadrons

  8. Everydaymatter Exotic matter

  9. Hadrons: Mesons and Baryons Mesons: made of one quark and one anti-quark, positive, negative or neutral, examples: Pion, K-meson, over 100 Baryons: made of three quarks, +2 to -2 in charge, examples: neutron, proton, Lambda, Sigma, and …, about 100, … double charmed bottom, etc

  10. What is Matter? - New ConceptsBinding Energy Curve and E = mc2 How quantitative do you go? Which units? MeV, Joules Fusion Reaction: 2D + 2D = 4He Calculation steps: 1. Mass of 2D, 2. Mass of 4He, 3. Mass diff, 4. Energy release

  11. Production of Light • electromagnetic wave by accelerating charges, • synchrotron radiation at a tangent to a circle, • light from transitions between energy levels. These topics don’t seem to link to the rest of Unit 1. So, how do you approach these aspects?

  12. Cosmology So much descriptive content … How do you approach it? • Brian Cox video • Images and graphs • Story line

  13. Big Bang Model: Expanding, intensely hot gas of elementary particles. Explains observable universe back to 1 second.

  14. Big Bang model: Explains Hubble constant, background radiation, proportion of H, He and Li. Does not explain i) uniformity of universe, ii) universe before 1 sec and iii) energy density of the universe, but inflationary model does. (CBR)

  15. What is Matter? Practical Activities Radioactivity Pracs Dice pracs

  16. What is Matter? - Assessment Tasks • an annotated folio of practical activities • data analysis • design, building, testing and evaluation of a device • an explanation of the operation of a device • a proposed solution to a scientific or technological problem • a modelling activity • a media response • a summary report of selected practical investigations • a reflective learning journal/blog related to selected activities or in response to an issue • a test comprising multiple choice and/or short answer and/or extended response

  17. What is Matter? - Assessment Tasks What’s left? • a media response Evaluation of responses in an online discussion • a reflective learning journal/blog related to selected activities or in response to an issue • a test comprising multiple choice and/or short answer and/or extended response

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