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Ambient Assisted Living Systems

Ambient Assisted Living Systems. Wolfgang L. Zagler Vienna University of Technology Institute Integrated Study. The Conflicts between Technology, Acceptance, Ethics and Privacy. AAL at Vienna University of Technology.

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Ambient Assisted Living Systems

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  1. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy

  2. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Ambient Assisted Living Systems Wolfgang L. Zagler Vienna University of Technology Institute Integrated Study The Conflicts betweenTechnology, Acceptance,Ethics and Privacy

  3. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy AAL at Vienna University of Technology • More than 10 years ago: Development of two smart rooms for severely impaired children (cognitive and motor). • for training their cognitive abilities. • for teaching reason and effect. • for playing with “smart” remote controlled toys. • for teaching them the basics of environmental control systems (ECS) and augmented and alternative communication (AAC).

  4. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy AAL at Vienna University of Technology • The AUTONOMY System offered • a very intuitive user interface for the end users. • a very intuitive user interface for making all the configurations for the therapists and teachers. • several links to home automation and smart home components. • remote controls for TV and radio. • remote controls for a toy train.

  5. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy AAL at Vienna University of Technology • Development of the “Friendly Restroom (FRR) • Re-inventing the toilet from scratch to become a smart toilet. • powered adjustments for seat height and tilt. • different illumination schemes. • special seating-areas for transfer from and to wheelchair. • powered and sensor-triggered rising assistance. • RFID user recognition to trigger user customized settings. • voice control and fall detector for automatic alarming.

  6. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy AAL at Vienna University of Technology • The FRR received excellent acceptance by the users. • Many users gave enthusiastictestimonials at presentations. • A commercial version of FRR(downgraded from the prototype)is available.

  7. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy AAL at Vienna University of Technology • Intensive tests with users: • in the laboratory. • in real life test. • Toileting is a sensitive and private topic: • all interviews and tests were prepared and accompanied by an expert in ethics. • explaining the tests and obtaining written informed consent.

  8. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Together with CEIT-RALTEC • About 1 ½ years ago the institute “Rehabilitation and Assisted Living Technology - RALTEC” was founded at the “Central European Institute of Technology – CEIT” at Schwechat (east of Vienna). • Two pilot projects launched: • e-Home – Development of a smart, context aware and assistive home for older persons. • e-Shoe – Instrumented shoe for fall prevention, fall detection and continuous gait analysis. • Establishing a “Living Lab” for real life tests.

  9. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Shoe

  10. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Shoe • Instrumented sole or insole: • Pressure distribution. • Accelerometers (3 axes). • Spatial position (Gyros). • Pre-processing in the heel of the shoe. • Wireless data transfer to base station at home or at the GP or clinic.

  11. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Shoe • Will allow for continuous monitoring of gait: • not only during few minutes when in the gait laboratory. • showing a whole day. • recording therapy progress. • Continuous assessment of the risk of falling: • give early indicators and warnings to avoid falls. • trigger possible measures (inflatable hip protector). • summon help after fall occurred.

  12. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Home • Monitoring the activity and behaviour of inhabitants • Learning regular and healthy patterns • Responding to abnormal or critical patterns • Reminding when actions are forgotten, left unfinished or left in a dangerous state • Detecting early signs of suspicious health conditions • Making life more comfortable

  13. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Home • Easy-to-install, plug and play solution • wireless multi-sensor nodes • non invasive sensors (acceleration, illumination, temperature, switches) • No cameras or microphones. • battery operated or alternative energy sources. • central unit for local processing. • data transfer to the outside only in emergency.

  14. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Sensormodule im Wohnraum

  15. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Project e-Home • Three real life tests: • one week (female test person). • two weeks (female test person). • two weeks (male test person). • Manual evaluation of recorded sensor data. • Comparison with diary notes. • First tests with automatic analysis. • Preparation of a long term installation in two flats.

  16. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lessons we Learned • What we learned from our test-persons. • What we learned from care persons, social workers and experts in ethics in discussing the coming long-time tests. • It is what WE learned – others will certainly have different experiences. • It is what we LEARNED – this does not imply that we yet also have the answers and solutions.

  17. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy The Technology is there • Just have a look at cars today

  18. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy The Technology is there • An average scrap-yard today holds more (assistive) technology than 99% of our homes So, bring the technology from the junk yard to the living room

  19. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Let me tell you a Fairy-Tale

  20. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Once upon a Time ... in the good old golden days … when technology was not the enemy of people … who were concerned about privacy and data protection … there lived …

  21. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy 1. a very nice old lady and … 2. her beautiful daughter

  22. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy … in the (un-smart) blue house with the red door.

  23. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy But they had a severe problem • Anybody could open the red door and step in • They did not like that and so mother and daughter went to see the friendly engineer +

  24. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy All what you need is a smarter door

  25. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Bad man No! Never!

  26. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy ?

  27. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy .… and they lived happily ever after … … in the smart blue house with the red door.

  28. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Basic Experiences (1) • Even with the most careful and open minded approach you can encounter reluctance, scepticism, suspicion – often where you never did expect it. • There will be roadblocks and resentments • It is not a general technophobia or techno-animosity • It can be resignation, tiredness, indifference, modesty • Kind of humility: “this will not pay-off for me”, “now I am too old”, “I bet, this will nor work here”.

  29. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Basic Experiences (2) • Test-persons and prospective customers are often more open-minded than carers and experts: • The recognized user-benefits of technology soon sweep away scepticism. • Well grounded confidence will work better than complicated discussions on privacy the (aged) user cannot sort out – make it trustworthy and simple • One of the first question is the price and “who will have to pay”? • Long-term revenues and indirect returns are simply neglected.

  30. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Basic Experiences (3) • Catalogue page of 1984 • 10 MB HD for € 5.000(300 GB … 150 Mio €) • Moore’s law is in place BUT • Will next generation agers be able to cope with next generation technology???

  31. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #1 • The “Help me ! – But please stay away !!” attitude: • The trade-off between assistance and feared side effects. • We discussed the possibilities of AAL with a group of social workers, and experts in care and ethics. • They wanted us to make “a house with a guardian angel”. • The did not want any sensors or monitoring.

  32. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #2 • If the house is by and by learning to do all and everything, the inhabitants will loose the rest of their skills and become lazy: • Assistance is considered good – but there could also be something like over-assistance and over-protection. • Wouldn’t it be better to make a less perfect solution? • As long as not vital part of the responsibility shall be left to the human inhabitants? • The help provided shall have a positive training effect. • Reminding is fine, but could become a nuisance if not done well and will result in low compliance.

  33. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #3 • Make absolutely clear to all players what and where the collected data are - and what will happen to them: • For context aware operation a lot of behavioural (and social and medical) data will have to be collected. • The home system shall do all the inference drawing on a local bases. • Data shall not migrate to other places except for reactions in case of emergency or where explicitly agreed upon.

  34. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #4 • The benefits of AAL have to be made clear and in an easy-to-understand way: • This has to be done in a very practical, non-technological and obvious way. • e.g. using scenarios, drama, stories … • not only for the inhabitants. • include relatives and friends. • include carers and payers.

  35. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #5 • AAL Technology must be communicated convincingly: • It will be a pervasive technology, but it should also be a persuasive technology. • Using the right words can be crucial (monitoring vs. observation etc.). • The fear of „Big Brother“ lingers everywhere – show them, that also a „Little Sister“ exists.

  36. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #6 • AAL Technology has to be solid, reliable and sustainable: • It has to fit into existing homes – so we believe in wireless technology, modularity and adaptive systems. • Installations shall be profitable even in the short run (say 6 to 12 months). • It is not necessary to have a 100% solution – but be honest in explaining the benefits and risks of your 80% solution.

  37. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Lesson #7 • The inhabitants still shall be the „Masters of their Universe“: • The decision for use or non-use of the system shall (as far as risk considerations allow) always stay with the users. • Switching-off shall be allowed (the duration shall be discussed). • Technology shall be unobtrusive but not completely invisible – total invisibility (the voice in the off) can be threatening.

  38. Thank you for your Attention AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy

  39. AAL-Conflicts – Technology / Acceptance / Ethics / Privacy Kontaktadresse fortec –Research Group for Rehabilitation Technology Institut „integrated study“ Vienna University of Technology A-1040 Wien, Favoritenstrasse 11/029, Tel.: +43 (1) 58 801 / 42900Fax: +43 (1) 58 801 / 42999 Email: fortec@fortec.tuwien.ac.at Web: http://www.is.tuwien.ac.at

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