CGU4U ~ World Geography

1. CGU4U ~ World Geography INDUSTRY KI#1: Where is it located?

2. Where? • ¾ of the world’s industrial production is concentrated in four regions: • Northwestern Europe • Eastern Europe • North America • East Asia

3. General information • Agriculture covers ¼ of the Earth’s land • Industry covers less than 1% of the Earth’s land • Look at map p 367 – look at dotted area

4. EUROPE • Within Europe there are four distinct districts: • UK • Rhine-Ruhr Valley • Mid-Rhine • Northern Italy • (see page 368, figure 11-2)

5. Why these four areas? • Proximity to raw materials (coal and iron ore) and markets (large concentrations of wealthy European consumers).

6. United Kingdom • Dominated manufacturing in the 19th century • Produced more than half of the WORLD’S cotton fabric and 2/3 of the WORLD’S coal. WOW! • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – the revolution in industrial technology created an unprecedented expansion in productivity, resulting in substantially higher standards of living. The Industrial Revolution created social, economic, political, and industrial changes.

7. United Kingdom • Following WWII, the UK lost their position of industrial leader as Germany and Japan rebuilt their factories after the bombings. • Map p. 368 Figure 11-3 United Kingdom

8. RHINE – RUHR VALLEY(Northwestern Germany) page 368 • Unlike Britain, where it was easy to unify the country with railways, the rest of Europe had a difficult time creating an efficient transportation network as various wars and financial costs slowed industrial development.

9. RHINE – RUHR VALLEY • Industrial development followed a linear concentration settlement pattern. • The region produced steel and iron because of close proximity to large coalfields. • Rhine river helped developed the transportation networks.

10. MID – RHINE (Southwestern Germany) (page 368) • Second most important industrial area in Western Europe (next to the UK) • Important financial and commercial centre because of central location. The location also attracts industry that produce goods countrywide (easy to transport) • Large iron-ore fields lend to large steel production

11. NORTHERN ITALY • Industrial Revolution occurs in the 20th century • Major industrial region emerged in the Po River basin where more approximately half Italy’s population resides. • Produced textiles, raw materials processors, and mechanical parts assemblers • Access to cheap labour, cheap electricity, and a major river

12. EASTERN EUROPE (mostly Russia page 370) • Occurs under communist rule • Has access to market (consumers) • Transportation accessible – rail, ports ship building • Rich in natural resources

13. NORTH AMERICA (page 371) • Industrial Revolution occurs later here but grew faster than the UK • US 1776 – predominantly agricultural society. First textile mill built 1791. • After 1808 – textile industry took off as US placed a trade embargo on Europe during the Napoleonic wars. • By 1860 – US second to the UK as an industrial nation

14. CANADA • main industry concentrated along the St. Lawrence and Ontario Peninsula. • Situated along the Canada – US border. • Proximity to water, electricity, transportation, natural resources.

15. EAST ASIA (map p 372) • Advantage: large labour force • Disadvantages: relatively isolated and shortage of essential resources • Japan became industrial power in 1950s and 1960s. Cheap labour produced large quantities of cheap goods. • Japan then turned to training highly skilled workers when threatened by South Korea, Taiwan and other countries for cheap labour.

16. China – emerging manufacturing power • Largest labour force • Manufacturing is clustered along the coastal regions