In Vitro Morphogenetic Responses of Fenugreek and Basil Explants

1. In Vitro Morphogenetic Responses of Fenugreek and Basil Explants By: Jelisa Thomas Food and Animal Science Mentor: Dr. Leopold Nyochembeng

2. Background Information

3. Interesting Facts FENUGREEK • is an herb known for its high medicinal value. • it originated from India • grown in Europe and Asia Basil • This herb is native to India and Persia • approximately 150 different species.

4. Fenugreek uses • Medically • Soar Throat • Culinary • Component in Curry etc. • Therapeutically • Oils • Soaps, etc

5. Basil Uses • Culinary • flavor used in various cuisines • Medically • internally and externally • Therapeutically • oil or soaps

6. objectives To develop a protocol for callus production and cell culture on Fenugreek explants Assess effects of genotype and media on basil plantlet multiplication

7. Materials and Methods

8. Media, Explants Preparation, and Culture

9. Seed Germination Germination medium contained half strength M&S (Murashige and Skoog 1962) salt, 7.5 g/L sucrose 4 g/L agar pH. 5.5-6.0 Autoclaving at 15psi and 121°C for 20 min. Disinfestations 30% Clorox bleach (1.8% NaOCl) containing 1 drop of Tween 20 under vacuum [600-700mmHg] for 20 minutes. Rinsed 3 changes of sterile distilled deionize water. Blotted dry with sterile filter paper and place germination media All cultures were sealed with parafilm and placed in an incubator at 23± 1°C and 16 hr/8 hr light/dark photoperiod.

10. Fenugreek Explants Media M&S salts 30 g/L sucrose A factorial combination of • NAA (0.0, 1.0 mg/L) • Kinetin (0.0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/L) Agar(8 g/L) pH 5.6-6.0 autoclaving at 15psi and 121°C for 20 min.

11. Basil seedlings of 5 genotypes (23, 82, 62, 74, and 83) Media M & S salts 30 g/L sucrose a combination of • Kinetin (0.1, 1.0, 3.0 mg/L) • NAA (0.1 mg/L) Agar(8 g/L). pH 5.6-6.0 Autoclaving at 15psi and 121°C for 20 min. The seedlings of each basil genotype were evenly distributed in all media.

12. All cultures were sealed with parafilm and placed in an incubator at 23± 1°C and 16 hr/8 hr light/dark photoperiod.

13. All cultures were observed weekly for contamination, explants growth and differentiation. The parameter that were measured included the number of roots formed, shoots, callus production, plantlet production The data was analyzed by taking the averages of counts.   Data and Analyses

14. Results and Discussion

21. Such responses will help in determining the most suitable protocol for micropropagating these important medicinal plants Choice of explants and the type of genotype used are important criteria for successful application of micropropagation and cell culture techniques in Fenugreek and basil respectively. CONCLUSION

22. References Jan Schooley- Ginseng and Medicinal Herbs Specialist/OMAF, “Basil” 2003 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/ort/herbs/basil.htm accessed 14 July, 2009 James E. Simon, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907-1165, USA, “Basil” 1995 http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheet/basil.html accessed 15 July, 2009 Jeanine M. Davis, Extension Horticultural Specialist Department of Horticultural ScienceNorth Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University “Basil” 1997 http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-125.html access 14 July, 2009 S. Elliot “The Facts About Fenugreek Growing and Using Fenugreek” 2009  http://herb-gardens.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_facts_about_fenugreek#ixzz0LrzADCmg accessed 14 July, 2009 AcramTaji, Prakrash P. Kumar, PrakashLakshmanan “Invitro plant Breeding” 2002 http://book.google.com/books?id=CQxsDZXHVuYC&dq=stages+of+microprogation&source=gbs_navlinks_s accessed 15 July, 2009 References

23. Acknowledgements Dr. Leopold Nyochembeng Dr. Elisa Moss REU Supporters and Participators Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Department of Food an Animal Sciences