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Reconstruction and It’s Aftermath

Reconstruction and It’s Aftermath. The South During Reconstruction p. 509 - 512. New Groups Take Charge. During Reconstruction the Republican Party came to dominate Southern politics. Support for the Republican Party came mainly from 3 groups: African Americans

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Reconstruction and It’s Aftermath

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  1. Reconstruction and It’s Aftermath The South During Reconstruction p. 509 - 512

  2. New Groups Take Charge • During Reconstruction the Republican Party came to dominate Southern politics. • Support for the Republican Party came mainly from 3 groups: • African Americans • White Southerners who supported Republican policies • White settlers from the North

  3. African Americans in Government • 16 African Americans served in the House of Representatives and 2 in the Senate between 1869 and 1880. • Hiram Revels, one of the African American senators, was an ordained minister. During the Civil War he had recruited African Americans for the Union army, started a school for freed African Americans and served as chaplain of an African American regiment. • Blanche K. Bruce, the other senator, was a former runaway slave. He had taught in a school for African Americans then became a superintendent.

  4. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers • Some Southern whites supported Republican policy. Former Confederates despised them for siding with the Republicans and called them scalawags, a term meaning “scoundrel” or “worthless rascal.” • Many Northern whites who moved to the South after the war also supported the Republicans and served as Republican leaders during the Reconstruction. • Critics called these Northerners carpetbaggers because they arrived with all their belongings in cheap suitcases made of carpet fabric.

  5. The Ku Klux Klan • Violence against African Americans and their white supporters became commonplace during Reconstruction. • Much of this violence was committed by secret societies organized to prevent freed men and women from exercising their rights. • The most terrifying was the Ku Klux Klan formed in 1866. • Wearing white sheets and hoods, members of the Klan launched “midnight rides” against African Americans, burning their homes, churches, and schools.

  6. Some Improvements • Despite the violence, Reconstruction brought important changes throughout the South. • This was especially true in education. • By 1870 about 4,000 schools had been established, with 200,000 students. • Generally, African American and white students attended different schools. • Only Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida required that schools be integrated, but the laws were not enforced.

  7. Farming the Land • Along with education, most freed people wanted land. • The most common form of farm work for freed individuals was sharecropping. • In this system a landowner rented a plot of land to a sharecropper along with a crude shack, some seed and tools, and perhaps a mule. • In return sharecroppers shared a percentage of their crop with the landowner. • After paying the landowners, sharecroppers often had little left to sell.

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