BNL: Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Peter Thieberger Ph.D. James Alessi Ph.D. SII: Joseph Brondo, CEO

1. BNL: Lucian Wielopolski, Ph.D. Peter Thieberger Ph.D. James Alessi Ph.D. SII: Joseph Brondo, CEO AES: Joseph Sredniawski, VP NSNRC: David Vartsky Ph.D. Denton, TX, November, 2002 Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) Using Gamma Resonance Technology (GRT)

2. EDS-GRT Objectives A Joint Program by Scientific Innovations, Inc. Brookhaven National Laboratory Rapid deployment of resonance technology for detection and imaging of concealed explosives, chemical warfare agents, and dirty and nuclear bombs in shipping containers

3. EDS-GRT: System Configuration An accelerator is used to produce protons at a specific energy such that unique resonant gamma rays are generated from impingement on a specific target. The emitted gamma rays pass through a volume of interest and interact resonantly with specific elements of interest so that images of the elemental density are developed from the variation in gamma detection counts. Fluorescence or scattered gammas resonant with the element are also detected simultaneously. Non resonant gamma rays are used to image total density. Multiple Patents are Held by SII

4. EDS-GRT: Capabilities • The Gamma Resonance method provides combined capability of absorption and florescence • Simultaneous detection and imaging of multiple elements for identification of contraband and total density for imaging of contents • 3-D tomographic, multiple projection and single sided configurations for specific applications • High penetration • High resolution

5. Stadiums & Olympic Events Border Control Airline Security EDS-GRT Shipping Ports Bridges/Tunnels Building & Monument Security Power Plant Security Force Protection Postal Security EDS-GRT: Applications Embassies Railroad Security

6. EDS-GRT Applications • Current EDS systems are incapable of interrogating • large marine shipping cargo containers with any • degree of elemental specificity. • EDS systems based on neutrons although providing • elemental specificity are highly controversial and • unsuitable for interrogating large marine shipping • cargo containers. • There is a need for new technology to interrogate • large marine shipping and air cargo containers. GRT Is Proposed To Provide This New Technology

7. Gammagrams produced using VACIS systems • Empty hopper car with a • suspected “stash” at the • bottom of the left hopper. • Empty tanker with • suspected “stash” at • bottom of ladder. • Empty hopper with • stowaways. • The same as C. • Full Box Car. VV Verbinski, VJ Orphan, Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry, 1999. EDS-GRT : 2D Pulse Distribution

8. Department of Transportation (DoT) • TSA / FAA • Explosives Detection in Cargo • Checked baggage inspection Resonance Technology • Scanning trucks/vehicles/railroad cars Force Protection (DoD) • Military Bases • Counter-terrorism • Explosives Detection in Vehicles US Customs • Border Control Warhead/Rocket QC (DoD) • Seaports • Crack & Void Detection • Explosives / Drug Detection • Mixture Quality in Large Containers • 24% Rejection / Shelf Life Medical Research • Neutron Capture Therapy Environmental Cleanup (DoD) ) • Whole Body Composition • Unexploded Ordnance Detection • Mine Field Clearance EDS-GRT: Potential Users Homeland Security

9. Resonant Gamma Fan Proton Beam Accelerator Inspected Object Beam Production Target Detector Array EDS-GRT: In a Transmission Mode Configuration of the gamma resonance absorptiometry

10. Single system feeds simultaneously four inspection stations. Single system feeds alternatively three inspection stations. Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously EDS-GRT : Distributed Systems

11. EDS-GRT : Small Cargo A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags.

12. EDS-GRT: LD-3 Container Inspection

13. EDS-GRT: Large Cargo A possible configuration for scanning large containers

14. Detectors Using four ramps may interrogate simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. (Extrapolated from experiments) Stacked Containers Resonance Gamma Beam Target 8’ 21’ 18’ 36’ EDS-GRT: Multiple Detection System

15. EDS-GRT: Mobile Systems Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Can be engineered into a transportable, readily deployable stand alone system

16. EDS-GRT: Mobile Systems Alternative implementations of the Resonance Technology Stand off use of the system in a fluorescence (backscattering) mode

17. EDS-GRT: Target Gamma Radiation 100 μA Proton Beam at 1.76 MeV

18. EDS-GRT: Unilateral System

19. EDS-GRT: AcceleratorSpecifications • Proton Accelerator Specs: • Energy < 2.5 MeV • Energy resolution < 15 keV • Intensity ~ 10 mA • Duty Factor CW • Normalized RMS Emittance 0.1 mm mrad

20. 2000 High-Voltage Cable 1200 Positive Ion Source 2500 Accelerator Tube 800 Beam 2MeV Power Supply 2000 1200 EDS-GRT: Accelerators ECR Ion Source 30 mA p, 1kW HVC 100’ or more 2MeV 50mA, 2.5MeV 40mA, 3MeV 30mA Multiple accelerators with single Power Supply

21. EDS-GRT: Detectors • Type: • Resonance • LS +N • Non-resonance • HPGe, NaI • BGO, LSO, BaF • Position sensitive • High Z sandwich • Optimization: • Geometry • Number • Configuration • Electronics • Size

22. SUMMARY • There is a need for new technology to meet future needs of national security. • Configurations for various applications have been presented, from small parcels to large cargo containers. • Mobile capability of the system has been indicated. • The gamma source, the main obstacle of the past, is at present commercially available. • Present objectives are; system integration, prototype certification, and designing a deployable system.