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Elements of Neurology

Elements of Neurology. Elements of neurology. Organs of the nervous system are basically formed of the neurons .

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Elements of Neurology

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  1. Elements of Neurology Lufukuja G.

  2. Elements of neurology • Organs of the nervous system are basically formed of the neurons. • Other associated or supporting cells of the nervous system are known as neuroglia or glial cells. These include microglia, schwann cells, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. • Neurons and glial cells have their intercellular substance known as neuropile more pronounced in the brain and spinal cord Lufukuja G.

  3. Elements of neurology… Lufukuja G.

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  5. Neurons: • This is a nerve cell (basic unit of NS) and all of its processes. A neuron has two parts; cell body (soma) and processes. Cell body contains a nucleus and all necessary organelles for metabolic activity. Processes are for impulse conduction; an axon (long and only one per cell) conducts the impulses away from the cell body while the dendrites (short and one or more per cell) conduct towards.

  6. Neuron cont….. • Neurons are classified according to the number of processesinto: • Pseudounipolar or unipolar • Bipolar • Multipolar • According to function as: • Sensory • Motor • Association, intermmediate or internuncial • According to length of an axon into: • Golgi type I – relatively short axons • Golgi type II – relatively long axons • According to myelination of an axon into: • Myelinated neuron • Non-myelinated neuron

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  8. Nervous system • The nervous system is formed of the following organs: • Brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • Ganglia (sing. Ganglion) Lufukuja G.

  9. Nervous system… Lufukuja G.

  10. Nervous system… Lufukuja G.

  11. Nervous system… Lufukuja G.

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  13. Nervous system… • The ANS has two divisions named as craniosacral (parasympathetic) outflow and thoracolumbar (sympathetic) outflow. Lufukuja G.

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  15. Parasympathetic Lufukuja G.

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  20. Dermatome • The unilateral area of skin innervated by the fibers of a single spinal nerve is called a dermatome; the unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from the fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve is a myotome Lufukuja G.

  21. Applied anatomy Referred pain • Referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. An example is the case of ischemia brought on by a myocardial infarction (heart attack), where pain is often felt in the neck, shoulders, and back rather than in the chest, the site of the injury. Lufukuja G.

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