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Selected by Joan Parpal

SOME RELEVANT CRITERIA Alexandria Integrated Coastal Zone Management Sub-Program of the Egyptian Pollution Abatement Project (EPAP II) Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Global Environmental Facility fund SOGREAH Consultants. Selected by Joan Parpal.

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Selected by Joan Parpal

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  1. SOME RELEVANT CRITERIA Alexandria Integrated Coastal Zone Management Sub-Program of the Egyptian Pollution Abatement Project (EPAP II) Egyptian Environmental Affairs AgencyGlobal Environmental Facility fund SOGREAH Consultants Selected by Joan Parpal

  2. Lake Maryut Zone Environmental Master PlanMay 2008 • Goal 1. Reduce the pollution load entering the Lake and improve the water quality outflow to the Mediterranean • Objective 1.A. Provide communal wastewater treatment before discharging in the Lake and the sea • Objective 1.B. Provide industrial wastewater treatment before discharging in the Lake and the sea • Objective 1 C Restore the Lake ecosystem integrity and improve the self cleaning capability of the Lake

  3. Activities to restore the Lake ecosystem • Increase the dredging activity of the sediments in all basins in order to improve water circulation, self cleaning and fish production • Reeds harvesting, by the provision of additional machines to the fishery department. This activity could become financially self sustainable by the development of a paper making industry that would buy the reeds. • Provision of engineered wetland in strategic locations (Oumoum and Kalaa drains outfalls) in order to reduce the organic pollution and nutrient loads of water entering the Lake • Aerating the water at the outlet of the WTP and Kalaa drain in order to increase the BOD and decrease the H2S emissions • Increasing the water level and thus the storage capacity of certain basins.

  4. New wetlands

  5. Lake Maryut Zone Environmental Master PlanMay 2008 • Goal 2. Provide a clear framework for land use around the Lake • Objective 2.A Update the Alexandria’s Master Plan • Objective 2.B Establish the Alexandria Development Agency

  6. Lake Maryut Zone Environmental Master PlanMay 2008 • Goal 3. Develop a sound regulatory framework for the management of the Lake and its surrounding area and urban upgrading by the Governorate • Objective 3.A. Transform the Lake Maryut committee into an effective and sustainable authority to control the Lake and its surroundings • Objective 3.B. Develop an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan for El Mex Bay and Lake Maryut

  7. Environmental Restoration Recommendations from Baseline revue doc March 2008 • Evaluation study to assess the introduction procedure of secondary treatment in, apparently, 13 plants planned. This study should examine the type of the secondary treatment proposed for each plant and evaluate the cost effectiveness of the increased treatment phase. Based upon effluent characteristics and design flow rate for each plant, the future efficiency should be assessed and its restoration impact to the lake Maryut analyzed.7

  8. Environmental Restoration Recommendations from Baseline revue doc March 2008 (II) • Develop a comprehensive hydrodynamic analysis (three dimensional modeling) of the Lake Maryut that will include detailed field survey of all known and partially known inflows and outflows from the Lake. The study should account of a hydrologic variability present in the major inputs to the Lake coming from El Qalaa drain, Nubria canal and El Omum drain. This modeling exercise should address not only the area hydrodynamics but also some transport scenario in order to be able to detect water quality deterioration, seasonal variation and the lake response to any suggested restoration measures8

  9. Environmental Restoration Recommendations from Baseline revue doc March 2008 (III) • Because of the present heavy load from organic pollutants and nutrients, develop a study for potential restoration measures using constructive wetlands or stabilization ponds placed at some areas of the lake Maryut. These areas could serve as buffer zones not only for the lake itself but also for the El Mex Bay. The figure below shows some possible scenario for a creation of such wetland buffer zones in the lake region

  10. Environmental Restoration Recommendations from Baseline revue doc March 2008 (IV) • Due to the long history of discharging heavy un-treated waste water from municipal, agricultural and industrial sources, the lake sediment presents the “pollutant signature” of the Lake Maryut. Even under the complete restoration of the lake water itself, the polluted sediments will remain the continuous source of pollution to the lake for a long time. Possible restoration measure could be analyzed in the feasibility study proposing some dredging activity, cleaning up the soil, using the best available technology, and depositing the cleaned soil to selected areas of the lake. This study may provide option of crating some new land for future development in the Alexandria governorate.

  11. Proposed mitigation and enhancement measures Expected effects of the development priorities on the future trends (SEA doc march 2008) • Key environmental issue: WATER QUALITY • Economic Development • Don’t issue the construction permits for new industrial and tourism facilities in the areas without waste water management system. • Carry out an EIA for newly proposed industrial and tourism facilities including also waste water management issue. • Raise awareness on environmental issues among business society and providers of tourism facilities as a part of enhancement of human resources skills • Urban development • To introduce the waste water management system in new areas for urban development before start of housing construction, business activities etc. • Improvement of environmental status • Introduce secondary and tertiary treatment for industrial waste waters • Prepare a plan for cleaning up Lake Maryout

  12. Proposed mitigation and enhancement measures Expected effects of the development priorities on the future trends (SEA doc march 2008) (II) • Key environmental issue: HABITAT QUALITY • Economic development • To prepare the comprehensive plan for the Governorate defining the areas for new development. • Use brownfields for new industries. • Urban development • To prepare comprehensive urban plan for the Governorate identifying available areas for further urban development. • Involve environmental criteria in selecting new development areas. • If part of Lake Maryout is to be used for new development, the most polluted and degraded part(s) shall be selected. • Improvement of environmental status • Prepare a plan for restoration of Lake Maryout • To involve relevant stakeholders in the planning in order to identify priority activities

  13. Proposed mitigation and enhancement measures Expected effects of the development priorities on the future trends (SEA doc march 2008) (III) • Key environmental issue: HUMAN HEALTH • To prepare comprehensive urban plan for the Governorate identifying available areas for further urban development. • Involve human health criteria in selecting new development areas. • If part of Lake Maryout is necessarily to be used for new development, 1000 basin shall be left for fishing. The potential income from urbanization of other part of the lake – preferably the most polluted and degraded part(s) – shall be used for cleaning up 1000 basin.

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