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Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski)

Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski) Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria) Peter Lawton (DFO Canada) Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada) Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University) Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada) David Schneider (Memorial University)

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Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à Rimouski)

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  1. Paul Snelgrove (Memorial University) • Phil Archambault (Univ. Quebec à • Rimouski) • Kim Juniper (Univ. of Victoria) • Peter Lawton (DFO Canada) • Chris McKindsey (DFO Canada) • Anna Metaxas (Dalhousie University) • Pierre Pepin (DFO Canada) • David Schneider (Memorial University) • Verena Tunnicliffe (Univ. of Victoria)

  2. The NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network Biodiversity science for sustainable oceans

  3. CHONe is a team of 147 researchers • 42 University faculty • 25 Government scientists • 20 PhD students • 17 MSc • 37 Undergraduates • 3 Postdocs • University Co-Applicants • Dalhousie University • Guelph University • McGill University • Memorial University • Mt. Allison University • Simon Fraser University • University of Alberta • University of British Columbia • University College of Cape Breton • Université de Quebec à Chicoutimi • Université de Quebec à Rimouski • Université Laval • University of Prince Edward Island • University of Victoria • University of Waterloo

  4. Major Funding Partners • Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) • Department of Fisheries & Oceans (Science & Oceans Branches) • Government of Newfoundland & Labrador • Natural Resources Canada • Atlantic Reference Centre • Canadian Museum of Nature • Parks Canada • ArcticNet ~ $10 Million distributed over 5 years

  5. Temperate Vulnerabiity Arctic Open Ocean Circulation change Fishing Effects Habitat Size (km2) Pollution Salinity Eutropication Rainfall Disease Temp. Invasive species Hydrology change Near shore Habitat loss 0 2 4 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Snelgrove et al. (2004) Island Press Scale of Threat (km2)

  6. “…a growing global network of researchers in more than 70 nations engaged in a ten-year initiative to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans -- past, present, and future. www.coml.org

  7. There is a technology revolution underway in ocean sciences • Observation • Sampling • Modeling • The scientific landscape is changing… • Ecosystem-Based Management • Oceans Act • Role of DFO Oceans • Convention on Biological Diversity • Law of the Sea

  8. Integration OCEAN HEALTH Theme I Theme II Ecosystem Function How is ecosystem function linked to biodiversity & agents of disturbance (natural and anthropogenic)? Biodiversity Characterization & Tools- What is the nature of cryptic diversity, the spatial distribution of biodiversity, & temporal changes in biodiversity? Theme III Dispersal Dynamics- “How does dispersal influence patterns of diversity, resilience, and source/sink dynamics of species and communities?” • We will…. • provide a science basis for conservation-based decisions, • develop new tools & strategies for policy decisions, • train the next generation of young, highly-qualified personnel

  9. THREE GEOGRAPHIC FOCI… Three Oceans

  10. TRAINING IN CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES • ocean observatories • new sampling tools • microparticles • genetics tools • new taxonomy tools • novel instrumentation • new GIS tools for habitat mapping • automated recognition tools • predictive tools • biophysical models • spatial statistical tools • comprehensive management tools

  11. CHONe strongly complements ongoing funded programs… • International Polar Year • Ocean Management Research Network (OMRN) • Community-University Recovery Alliance (CURA) • Census of Marine Life • Barcode of Life • ArcticNet • Invasive Species Network (CAISN) • VENUS, NEPTUNE, Bonne Bay • DFOs Centres of Expertise • TRACES • CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization) ???

  12. Scientific recommendations Scientific recommendations Key objectives? Key objectives? • Regional & Local • Stakeholder Involvement • Traditional Ecological Knowledge • Local support • Access to environment • National Policy • DFO • Parks Canada • Environment Canada • NGOs • Science • University • Government • Other Partners Conservation & Sustainable Use of Canada’s Oceans

  13. THEME I: BIODIVERSITY Goal 1 – Diversity in Space Relation of taxonomic and functional diversity to habitat diversity • Arctic Corridor • Atlantic Corridor • Pacific Corridor • New Tools for Image Analysis Goal 2 – Diversity in Time Rate of divergence and benchmarks for Arctic warming • Cryptic Diversity • Divergence Rate Goal 3 – Diversity in Society Knowledge assembly, accessibility, and application • Ecoinformatics • Synthesis

  14. Gulf of Maine Continental Rise Theme I Issue – Habitat Mapping vs Ecological Analysis CHONe will use advanced technologies for seabed interpretation to understand benthic diversity patterns

  15. seismic tsunami chemical Currents/seabed visual 130 instruments (>40 types) >300 sensors

  16. Biodiversity, ecosystem services (function) and human well -being

  17. THEME II: ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION Understand and quantify the role of biodiversity in ecosystems services Goal 2 – Anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity & ecosystem services Goal 1 – Natural variation in biodiversity & ecosystems services Synthesis

  18. VICTORIA EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK UNDER THE SEA A seafloor cabled laboratory at the University of Victoria Vancouver • VENUS is located in two places: • Strait of Georgia • Saanich Inlet To date, 25 instruments are connected via a subsean node Data are available to all: Victoria www.venus.uvic.ca

  19. THEME III: CONNECTIVITY Goal 1 – Evaluate the role of larval dispersal in regional source-sink dynamics Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersal

  20. Existing and emerging tools Contrasting species www.osl.gc.ca/homard/en/schema-cycle-de-vie.html THEME III: CONNECTIVITY Goal 2 – Compare metapopulation connectivity using different metrics of dispersal • Mussels (model weak swimmers) • Lobsters • Other decapods (?) • Cod • Other fish species • Larval distributions • Larval behaviour • Langrangian estimates using microdrifters • Numerical modelling of ocean circulation • Genetic differentiation • Statistical and dynamic modelling • Historical data • Juvenile between-habitat flux and dispersal • potential

  21. Magnetic collector array in expected dispersion domain • Collector integrates particles over time in space: 1 COMPARE 2 • Model integrates “particles” over time in space: 3 4 5 Apparatus, System and Method for Evaluating Fluid SystemsC.T. Taggart & B.R. Ruddick Oceanography Department UNITED STATES and CANADA Patent Pending Magnetically attractive particle release

  22. Biodiversity Ecosystem Health Taxonomic baselines New assessment methodologies Biology of critical species Defining critical habitat Disturbance models Products for End Users Metapopulation input to management strategies Impact of oceanographic events on recruitment Sources & Sinks • Good science • Ecosystem-based • management tools • Metrics for MPA outcomes • Data products • Outreach products

  23. 2008-2013

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