Quick Write: Take out a piece of binder paper you will be using it later also…

1. Quick Write: Take out a piece of binder paperyou will be using it later also… • Consider how large cities grow. • How do you think this happens? • What conditions help cities grow?

2. S.O.A.P.S. • Source: What is the source—musical piece, newspaper, picture, magazine? • Occasion: When and where do you think this took place? • Audience: Who is this piece for? • Purpose: Why did someone create this? What was the intended purpose of the document? • Subject:: What is this piece about?

3. “SOAPS” up this image

4. Subject: Child laborers working on a textile machine . Occasion: in a factory in England during the 1850s. Purpose: To demonstrate the terrible conditions that children had to undergo during the IR. To expose and alert its readers. Audience: Englanders during the Industrial Revolution. Speaker: A journalist for the a newspaper perhaps, to document what life was like for a worker.

5. Why the Industrial Revolution began In Great Britain?(1750-1850) By: Mr. Brady

6. What was the Industrial Revolution? • The Industrial Revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced. • Went from human labor (humans making the goods) to machines (machines making the goods). • The more efficient means of production triggered far-reaching changes to society in England. • Before we look at the changes (effects) that the IR had on England’s society, we will examine why it occurred in England.

7. England

8. PAINTing the Industrial Revolution • Remember the acronym PAINT when looking at the 5 causes of the Industrial Revolution • P: Political and Economic Conditions • A: Agricultural Revolution • I: Inventions and Innovations • N: Natural Resources • T: Transportation Improvements

9. 1.) Political & Economic Conditions 1.) Capitalism: Economic system based on private ownership (people own the goods; not the government) of the resources. • “Laissez-Faire” Government: “Let them be free” means that the gv’t does not interfere • No restrictions on unfair work practices.

10. 1.) Political & Economic Conditions 2.) New Economic Ideas: Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776 -Most influential economic book of all time. Explained the Laws of Supply and Demand

11. 1.) Political & Economic Conditions 3.) Entrepreneurialism—Personwho organizes, operates, and takes on the risk of starting a new business. 4.) Stable Economy & government in England Who might some Entrepreneurs be in our society today?

12. 2.) Agriculture Revolution • Agriculture Revolution: New Farming Techniques • 1.) Enclosures– use of fences around fields This maximized the productivity of the land.

13. Agricultural Revolution 2.) Crop rotation • Switching crops each year to keep soil rich 3.) Livestock improves • Allow only the best livestock to breed

14. 2.) Agriculture Revolution 4.) Use of Machines: (through steam) to help with farms: This machine meant that more farm workers weren’t needed. Where did these workers go to get jobs? Traction Engine McCormick Reaper

15. Agricultural Machinery

16. 3.) Inventions & Innovations • New Inventions In England • The first industry in Britain to revolutionize was the textile industry Cloth– cotton, wool, linen

17. Inventions • Inventions increased production of textiles 1.) The flying shuttle • Doubled the amount of work a weaver could do in a day

18. Inventions 2.) Spinning Jenny • A weaver could work 8 threads at a time • Waterpower was used to power these machines

19. Inventions • To make more cotton cloth, more cotton was needed • Most cotton came from US

20. Inventions 3.) Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 • Machine that remove seeds • Production of cotton skyrockets • 1790- 1.5 million pounds; 1810- 85 million pounds Cotton Gin

21. 3.) Innovations • 2.) Methods to Get Coal and Iron improved. • 3.) Interchangeable Parts • Could be used with other products, easier to repair and assemble. • Led to Assembly Line and Mass Production of Goods

22. 4.) Natural Resources • Natural Resources: Goods that occur naturally within a country’s geography. • England had a lot of raw materials including: 1.) Coal: Which was used to power steam engines Coal fueled the Industrial Revolution

23. 4.) Natural Resources • 2.) Iron – (which could be turned into steel) was the basic building block of large machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships Put through Furnace (heated up) to become steel Steel used to make things: buildings, railroads Raw Iron

24. 4.) Natural Resources 3.) lead, 4.) copper, 5.) tin, 6.) water power Also damp mild conditions of Northern England really helped the spinning jenny, which triggered the rise of the textile industry.

25. 4.) Natural Resources • 7.) Human Labor–England’s population increased which increased the supply of workers.

26. Question Hmmmmm.. You have all these goods created in the factories and in the cities, but how are you going to get them to market? The industrialization of the textile industry spurred the need for improvements in transportation

27. 5.) Transportation It all begins with… • 1.) Watt’s Steam Engine • Invented by James Watt • Need for cheap power spurs development of steam engine People could harness the power of Steam with this device

28. Steam Power • Steam was used to power factories and their machines. • If they could be used to power factories? Couldn’t steam be used to transport the goods?

29. Transportation 1.) Railway • Steam Driven Locomotives • 1804, Richard Trevithick built the first steam-driven locomotive • 1825, the first railroad line is built • 27 miles

30. George Stephenson (1830s) - “The Rocket” Liverpool to Manchester railroad More advanced train. Helped inspire modern trains we see today.

31. Railway • Railroads revolutionize life in Britain • Railroads spur industrial growth • Carry goods • Create jobs (build railroads) • Cheaper transportation boosts many industries • People move to cities What material was needed to build these railways?

32. Transportation • 2.) Water Transportation • Robert Fulton builds first steamboat

33. Water Transportation • Water transportation improved after canals were built in England Canal: Man made Waterway How did this help England industrialize?

34. Paragraph Writing • “What are the various factors that caused the Industrial Revolution in England?”